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Salting
by taking away the water that microbes need to survive
Once the food source is gone, the microbes die off.
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Yeasts, molds and bacteria are microbes that spoil food. See Related Links for lists.
Salting equipment
It depends on the amount of salt. It can "pull" the water out of the microbes, killing them. This is the reason salt is used to preserve food as microbes can't grow on very salty food.
Salting, sugar-curing, &c. apply osmosis in that both of these compounds are hygroscopic and thus draw water out of the food to be preserved over the semi-permeable surface of the food, from one solution into another, thus making the environment inhospitable for most bacteria and mold. Simple air drying works in the same way, but osmosis is not a factor; evaporation is.
salting
Before the refrigerator was invented, people used iceboxes, which were essentially big coolers with a block of ice. Even before that, food was preserved by salting, curing, smoking, drying, and canning.
Microbes need a food to survive
The making of bacon.
Salting, Pickling etc
the salt kills bacteria that spoils the food
The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.The Romans, like all the ancient peoples, saved or preserved their food by either salting it or drying it.
Pro: Salting food is a cheap and effective preservation technique.Con: The food may taste too salty if it is not properly prepared.
Salting or smoking it.