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"pH of a liquid" means "the negative of the logarithm to the base 10 of the activity of electrically mobile positive hydrogen ions in the liquid." For most purposes, the "activity" is close to the molar concentration, but in very concentrated acids, a correction factor for the molar concentration called the "activity coefficient" is needed to account for the fact that the average effect of a single mobile positive hydrogen ion is not quite as strong in a very concentrated liquid (an analogy to the economic "law of diminishing returns"). In aqueous solutions, the mobile positive hydrogen ions are generally written in chemical equations as "H+ (aq)" or "H3O+".
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