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What is the function of DB25?

Updated: 10/27/2022
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11y ago

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The DB25 connector was designed by Bell Labs to connect a variety of different modems to terminals. At the time the phone company owned all the wires and everything that connected directly to them, thus they owned your phone and any modem you used with a terminal to connect to tymeshare services. The 25 pin cable that connected the DB25 (DCE) on the modem to the DB25 (DTE) on your terminal was owned by you. Thus the DB25 connector on the modem was the property line that allowed you access to use the phone line for digital data via a phone company owned modem. This was eventually standardized as RS-232.

It was your responsibility to set the DIP switches on your terminal to be compatible with the phone company owned modem that they supplied. The most common early modem was the 300 BAUD asynchronous full duplex modem but the 1200 BAUD asynchronous half duplex modem was also available. Both used the same DB25 but the half duplex modem used some additional wires for handshake to switch line direction, under control of the modem. There were also higher speed synchronous modems that generated clocks for your terminal, the clocks used more additional wires. All 25 pins are preassigned some modem related function in RS-232.

After the law was changed to allow third party devices to connect directly to the phone line, there was much innovation and much faster modems (most asynchronous full duplex). The DB25 was still usually used to connect to these modems but it no longer defined a property line, it was just the connectors on the cable. Eventually modem companies started making cards that plugged into desktop computers and the phone line plugged into the card, making the DB25 obsolete.

The DB25 and the RS-232 standard have been much misused, to connect all sorts of devices that are not modems to computers... who is the "modem" and who is the "terminal". These devices often use handshake lines in ways that are illegal by RS-232, or use lines that RS-232 reserves for special but rarely used modem functions.

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Q: What is the function of DB25?
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