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What is the graded potential generated along the muscle cell membrane?
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Where on the heart is its power station located?
The heart is made up of cardiac muscle, which gets its energy like any other kind of muscle - from ATP generated by various metabolic processes (mainly aerobic respiration). Like other cells, ATP is produced in the mitochondria of heart cells, meaning that every single cell in the heart has a number of power plants inside. Heart muscle is unique in that the cells are joined end-to-end in a branched pattern. Where the cells meet, they have a special porous membrane, allowing the signal for contraction to spread throughout the entire network (instead of having to tell each muscle cell when to contract). To help the process, there are nerve-like muscle cells that extend throughout the heart, causing the contraction to spread throughout the muscle in a controlled, smooth wave. The whole process is regulated by the vagus nerve, which tells the heart when to speed up or slow down.
A person's leg meas-ures 42 cm an average leg diameter 13cm and a potential difference of 0.70 V causes a current of 1.7 mA . What are the fractions of muscle and fat in the leg?
Well, in order to get a better estimate, we would need to know the sex of the person and their BMI. It is crucial for trying to figure out the ratio of muscle and fat in the leg.
Describe the conversions between potential and kinetic energy that occur when you jump on a trampoline?
The energy for muscle contractions ultimately comes from chemical reactions in the body that convert stored chemical potential energy into kinetic energy of the muscles, and subsequently of the jump. However, not all of that chemical energy is successfully converted into kinetic energy. Some is dissipated as heat, and a significant amount is lost into the ground.
What is a muscle that rotates the upper arm?
There is not a single muscle that rotates the upper arm. The name of the muscle that contributes in rotation of the upper arm is deltoid muscle.
A strain is an injury in which a muscle what?
A strain, or pulled muscle, is an injury in which a muscle or its attaching tendons are torn due to overstretching. It is often associated with fatigue, muscle overuse and improper movement.
What are pacemaker potentials and the action potential they trigger?
Pacemaker potentials are automatic potentials generated and are exclusively seen in the heart. They arise from the natural "leakiness" of the membrane that pacemaker cells have, resulting in passive movement of both Na+ and Ca2+ across the membrane, rising the membrane potential to about -40mV. This results in a spontaneous depolarization of the muscle that has a rise in the curve that is nowhere near as steep as the action potential of other cells. Upon depolarization, the cell will return back to its resting membrane voltage, and continue the potential again.
Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after?
Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the end plate membrane.
What is the electrical potential across the cell membrane of a nerve cell or muscle cell when the cell is not active?
resting potential
What ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle?
The concentrations on Na+ outside the cell and concentrations of K+ inside the cell determine the resting membrane potential.
When hinding of the neurotransmitters with muscle membrane receptors causes the membrane to become permeable to sodium resulting in the influx of sodium ions and what membrane?
action potential of the sarcolemma(the membrane)
What is the inside charge of a nerve at its resting potentail?
Neurons have a resting membrane potential of approximately -70mV. Muscle cells have a resting membrane potential of approximately -90mV.
How would depressants affect the resting membrane potential?
the conduction of neural information to the muscle fiber
What is Visceral Smooth Muscle?
Its a type of smooth muscle that is made up of fibers bounded together to form a single unit.It is found in walls of hollow organs(digestive tract, urinary tract, hollow vessels and reproductive system.In some cases they are self- excitable.They spontaneously generate graded oscillation in their membrane potential that is rhythmical in nature called slow wave potential or pace maker activity.
What accounts for the resting membrane potential seen in unstimulated nerve and muscle cells?
Sodium-potassium pump
Are there more sodium ions inside or outside a cardiac muscle cell during the resting membrane potential?
Outside
How does the cardiac muscle work as a functional syncytium?
cardiac muscle operates as a functional syncytium, although it's not a true syncytium, because each myocardial cell has its own nucleus within its own membrane. Cardiac muscle functions as a syncytium due to the presence of low resistance connections between adjacent cells, and when an action potential is generated, the atria or the ventricle contract together.
The sudden reversal of electrical charge across the neuron membrane is called?
Action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication.
