The gravitational force between two (2) bodies of masses m1 and m2 separated by a distance, r, is given by the equation
F= G(m1m2) / r2
(G= Gravitational constant 6.692 x 10-11 Nm2 kg-2 )
F= G(mpme) / r2
F= (6.692 x 10-11) (1.673 x 10-27 x 9.109 x 10-31) / (5.292 x 10-11)2
= 3.631 x 10-47 N
beta, aka an electron.
The electron has a negative charge and orbits the positively charged atomic nucleus. Many compounds are made possible by electron sharing between elements.
Because of the electromagnetic force. It requires more energy to pull a negatively charged electron further away from the positively charged nucleus.
Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom in specific orbitals, a specific distance from the nucleus of the atom. A specific quanta of energy will knock the electron into a higher orbital. When the electron falls back into the lower orbital, it will give off that same specific quanta of energy. That is why lasers work.
I am pretty sure it's one because the highest is 7 and the farther away you are the lower the energy level!
No gravitational forces are implicated.
Shell
It would not depend on the direction with respect to the nucleus. The direction of the electron has no effect on the distance of the electron from the nucleus.
hydrgen nucleus
A hydrogen nucleus has got just one electron, thereby meaning that it can either accept one more electron or give away its sole electron to attain the stable electronic configuration. However, it usually shows the non metallic behaviour of accepting an electron.
hydrogen's nucleus is electron deficient when it bonds with an electronegative atoms
Hydrogen has no neutrons. It has 1 proton in the nucleus and 1 orbital electron.
The nucleus and the electron both revolve around a common center of charge. The only atom with equal charge in both places is hydrogen. Every atom heavier than hydrogen has more charge in the nucleus than there is on an electron. By the time you get to uranium, there is more than 90 times as much charge in the nucleus as there is on an electron, so the common center of charge is many times farther from each electron than it is from the nucleus. Also, each nuclear particle ... each proton and neutron ... is almost 2000 times more massive than an electron, and the same argument applies to the center of mass in the case of orbits governed by gravitational force, such as the solar system. But in the atom, the electrical forces completely dominate over the gravitational forces (by something like 1040.)
It is very simple. The hydrogen atom is composed of a nucleus with only one proton and an electron around the nucleus.
The atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost orbital of electron.
No. The greater distance from the nucleus the more energy an electron has.
The nucleus has a width on the order of 10^(-15) meters, while an electron is (on average) a distance of 10^(-10) meters from the nucleus. If you were to magnify the nucleus to the size of a baseball, the electrons would be orbiting at a distance of around 1000 meters. That is, there are about 50,000-100,000 nucleus diameters to the electron's average radius.