It flows slowly.
Geologists believe that the upper mantle portion of the asthenosphere is primarily heated by the residual heat left over from the formation of the Earth, known as radiogenic heat. This heat is generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes present in the mantle. Other sources of heat include the heat transferred from the core and the heat produced by ongoing mantle convection.
Mantle plumes are in the mantle, BELOW the Earth's crust. The circulation of heat from the lower mantle to the upper mantle can cause "hot spots" in the overlying crust, heating the magma in the areas.
upper mantle
The lower part of the mantle is called the "lower mantle" or "mesosphere", while the upper part of the mantle is referred to as the "upper mantle" or "asthenosphere".
The main difference between the upper and lower mantle is their depth within the Earth. The upper mantle is located closer to the Earth's surface, extending from the crust to a depth of about 410-660 km, while the lower mantle lies beneath the upper mantle, extending from around 660-2,891 km deep. Additionally, the upper mantle is more rigid and composed of mainly solid rock, while the lower mantle experiences higher pressures and temperatures, leading to more plastic behavior.
The crust and upper mantle make up the earth.
The The crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle form the lithosphere. The asthenosphere, which is still in the upper mantle, is the next layer down.
The upper mantle and the lower mantle.
The upper mantle is harder than the lower mantle
The mantle is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle lies directly beneath the Earth's crust and extends to a depth of about 410 miles. The lower mantle extends from the bottom of the upper mantle to a depth of about 1,800 miles.
The upper mantle is made of something called peridodite.
The upper mantle is made of something called peridodite.