The Torah is crucial to ALL sects in Judaism. It is the 5 books of Moses and holds all of the laws that a Jewish person should follow.
No.
Yes, non-Orthodox Jews can become Orthodox by becoming more observant. Non-Jews can become Orthodox Jews through Orthodox conversion.
Orthodox Jews are strictly observant. Hassidic Jews are even more strict.
Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox Jews are strict followers of Jewish law.
Unfortunately, in Israel, only Orthodox Jews get all the special privileges.
They are Jews who keep the Torah.
Haredi Jews are ultra orthodox Jews found around the world.
Orthodox Jews or Torah Jews.
Symbols do not destinguish Orthodox Jews from other kinds of Jews. Orthodox Jews are distinctive in that they adhere to the idea of the of the binding nature of Jewish law.
In South Africa, like most countries aside from the USA and the UK, the Jewish communities are overwhelmingly Orthodox. Whether or not a person who attends an Orthodox Synagogue is Orthodox in his "non-synagogue activities" is purely up to the believer. So, some members of the Orthodox community may not actually be observant Jews and would appear like Reform Jews in the USA. However, they would not call themselves Orthodox, but Jews who happen to belong to an Orthodox synagogue. Actual Orthodox Jews in South Africa would be indistinguishable from Orthodox Jews in the USA.
It's a synagogue Orthodox Jews worship in.
Saturday is the Sabbath in Judaism. Orthodox (and some non-orthodox) Jews will not work. Many non-Orthodox Jews will work, but still remember the Sabbath day in their own ways. (And yes, there are some Orthodox Jews that work on Saturdays, but they do not advertise this fact).