You could have a legal decision without an explanation, but the explanations are important because they become part of legal precedent and can be cited in future legal arguments.
The opinion of the Court may be unanimous; however, individual justices may also write concurring opinions. Alternately, all members of the Court may agree on a decision but not be willing to sign the opinion to prevent it from being cited as precedent in future cases, in which case they would write a per curiam opinion.
The nine Justices hear cases and deliver rulings and opinions on them. One or more Justice will write a dissenting opinion if they disagree with the ruling.
To dissent; if the justices disagree with the majority opinion, they write a dissenting opinion.
Five or more justices who agree on a decision form a majority. The written decision is sometimes called the "majority opinion," but is officially known as the "opinion of the Court" to signify its importance.
Someone petitions the Supreme Court to review a case on appealThe lawyers submit briefsThe justices vote to decide which cases to hearThe Clerk schedules oral argumentsThe justices read all briefs and lower court documentsThe justices have their clerks research precedents and other informationThe justices listen to oral argumentsThe justices hold a case conference to discuss issues and take a voteOne justice is assigned to write the official opinion of the CourtThe opinion is circulated for commentsOther justices write concurring or dissenting opinions (optional)The decision is released to the parties and the general public
a unanimous opinion
The Court's Opinion is synonymous with the Court's decision, and usually refers to the majority opinion. The "Opinion of the Court" gives the verdict and explains the reasoning behind the decision reached. The privilege of writing the official opinion falls to the most senior justice in the majority group, or to the Chief Justice if he (or she) voted with the majority; this person may choose to write the opinion, or may assign the task to another member of the majority. If the justices who voted against the majority wish to issue a unified opinion, they simply decide amongst themselves who will write it. Individual justices may write their own opinions, regardless of whether they agree with the majority. Justices may also "join" or sign any other written opinion they agree with, even if they agree with more than one point-of-view. This generally strengthens the opinion.
Yes, a simple majority of the justices is enough to render a Court opinion. In the U.S. Supreme Court, for example, there are nine justices, and a majority vote of at least five justices is required to decide a case and issue a written opinion.
majority opinion (Officially call the Opinion of the Court)
There is time allotted for writing opinions during the two-week period following a sitting for oral arguments, and after all case arguments are completed in April of the current Term. Justices may write anytime they choose, however. First, the justices meet in a closed conference to discuss the case and take a preliminary vote. They may then attempt to persuade other justices to their point-of-view before taking a final vote. After the final vote, the Senior member of the majority (the Chief Justice is always most senior) assigns writing the opinion of the Court to one of the justices in the majority. Often, the justice who was least persuaded to the majority perspective is given the task; other times, the opinion is assigned to a justice with particular expertise in the subject matter; or the Chief Justice or Senior Associate may choose to write the opinion him/herself. Those in the minority decide amongst themselves who will write opinions. Any justice may write a concurring or dissenting opinion, or may join one written by another justice.
There is time allotted for writing opinions during the two-week period following a sitting for oral arguments, and after all case arguments are completed in April of the current Term. Justices may write anytime they choose, however. First, the justices meet in a closed conference to discuss the case and take a preliminary vote. They may then attempt to persuade other justices to their point-of-view before taking a final vote. After the final vote, the Senior member of the majority (the Chief Justice is always most senior) assigns writing the opinion of the Court to one of the justices in the majority. Often, the justice who was least persuaded to the majority perspective is given the task; other times, the opinion is assigned to a justice with particular expertise in the subject matter; or the Chief Justice or Senior Associate may choose to write the opinion him/herself. Those in the minority decide amongst themselves who will write opinions. Any justice may write a concurring or dissenting opinion, or may join one written by another justice.
Majority opinion - Also called the "Opinion of the Court," this is the official verdict in the case that represents the vote of the majority of justicesPlurality opinion - In a case where no opinion received majority support, a plurality is the opinion joined by the most justices