The literary term for time and place is "setting." Setting refers to the time and location in which a story takes place, providing context for the events and characters within the narrative. The setting can greatly influence the story's mood, characters' behaviors, and overall themes.
An anachronism is something that is "out of place" chronologically.
Era.
anachronism
The literary term in "had taken time by the forelock" is an idiom. This phrase is a figurative expression meaning to seize an opportunity promptly or act decisively.
Setting
irony
setting
Critics refer often to literary movements, citing different movements that have developed in literature and then been replaced by some other movement. Generally, the term is not defined, and instead it is simply assumed that everyone is talking about the same thing when the term is used.
Flash back means, in literary terms, to return to a previous experience or moment in time for that character in order to understand why the charecte is who or where they are at present time.
A literary term for a small stream is "brook."
The setting.
In Wuthering Heights, Michaelmas is a literary term that refers to the celebration of the feast of St. Michael the Archangel on September 29th. It symbolizes the changing seasons and passage of time in the novel.