The 'holiday' observances detailed in the Torah are:
-- Sabbath
-- New Month (moon)
-- Passover
-- Shavuot
-- Rosh Hashana ('new year')
-- Yom Kippur ('day of atonement')
-- Sukkot ('tabernacles')
Which ones are more or less important isn't clearly stated in the Torah,
and it's a subject of much scholarly discussion and varied opinion.
Purim
The main holidays/high holidays in Judaism are Yom Kippur (the day of atonement), Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year). They are the two most important days in the Jewish calendar. There other main holidays are mostly agreed to be Pesach (Passover) and Sukkot (Feast of the tabernacle{a festival for the harvest}) both of which are 7 days in duration. Hanukkah whilst an enjoyable festival is considered a minor festival within Judaism.
Yes.
There is no such thing in Judaism.
The Hanukkah-menorah.
Absolutely nothing. Diwali is a Hindu festival. It is not recognised by Judaism.
Reformed Judaism believes that the Bible is the main source for the rules of Judaism.
Moses.
Israel.
The Torah.
JUdaism
There are many, many fetivals in Judaism. Some of the most important are... Pesach, also known as Passover, celebrating the Jews' escape from Egypt Tu Bishvot, the festival of trees, spring and new life Sukkot, the celebration of harvest Purim, a party festival Chanukah, the festival of light