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The venous system is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart. It transports this blood through a network of veins, which have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. The venous system also plays a role in regulating blood volume and pressure in the body.
lymphatic system
Superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava
The normal venous return of blood flow refers to the amount of blood that is returned to the heart from the veins per unit of time. In a resting individual, the average venous return is approximately 5 liters of blood per minute. This value can fluctuate depending on factors such as physical activity or medical conditions.
The venous duct connects the umbilical arteries to the liver.
In the brain we have small protrusions of the arachnoid and subarachnoid space into the venous system. These protrusions are called arachnoid villi or arachnoid granulations and they allow for drainage of CSF into the venous system. Another source of CSF drainage is the lymphatic system.
The coronary sinus provides venous drainage to the myocardium. There is, however, direct drainage into the ventricles as well.
The coronary sinus provides venous drainage to the myocardium. There is, however, direct drainage into the ventricles as well.
Sodium nitroprusside is used in emergency to reduce the very high blood pressure. The drug dilates the arterial as well as venous system. So you get tachycardia and cardiac out put increases probably.
The Portal Venous System
decreased
Venous return must always match cardiac output. So a CO of 7.5 l/m mill mean a VR od 7.5 l/m
these factors can increase central venous pressure: decreased cardiac output, increased blood volume, venous constriction,forced expiration, muscle contraction
these factors can increase central venous pressure: decreased cardiac output, increased blood volume, venous constriction,forced expiration, muscle contraction
pressure gradient , gravity , skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump and cardiac suction would be the mechanisms for venous return.
It increases intrathoracic pressure which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.
It increases intrathoracic pressure which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.