Ok good question
To subnet any network requires borrowing host addresses
The 255.255.192.0 regardless of class says host addresses start at CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing Protocol) /18. So if we borrow every available host address space then we have 2^14 = 16,384 possible subnet addresses available, NOT.
In reality we have 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 or a /18 network.
Every network / subnet requires two special reserved addresses. The network or zero address, and the last address in the range which will be assigned as the broadcast address.
So we can't borrow all of the bits for sub netting. If we only leave one we will only have two addresses for the hosts, this won't work because we need to reserve two.
We have to leave two so we will have 2^2 = 4. We can then give each subnet a network address and a broadcast address and still have 2 usable hosts' addresses. If we do this we only have 2^12 subnets = 4096.
Each subnet will only have two usable host addresses and two reserved addresses. See the math confirms that 4096 * 4 = 16384 which is the total number of addresses in the address space we started with.
2
254
network class network address number of subnets required number of host per subnet
that gives you 16 subnets with 14 usable IPs for hosts that is because one is for subnet and one for broadcas in that subnet for example: 192.168.1.0/28 - subnet number 192.168.1.15 -broadcast number usable IPs for hosts - IPs between them that is 14
Depending on class of network you are planning to use. For class C you can create much more then that (and for the most case for others too).
A class A would give you the most flexibility in terms of subnets and hosts per subnet. You could use up to 23 bits of information for subnets.
class A supports maximum number of hosts. | | | | | <------network------><--------------------------------hosts------------------------------------>
The maximum number of hosts per class B network is 65536.
Since this is a class B network you have borrowed 8 bits for subnets. This leaves 8 bits left (1 octet) for clients/workstations. That gives you a maximum of 254 clients per subnet.
1
When you borrow bits for a subnet you are intruding into the client portion of an IP address. As a result, you will lose clients in your network because the "borrowed" portion becomes the extended network prefix. This allows you to separate your bigger network into smaller, logical networks (subnets). The number of bits borrowed will indicate the total number of smaller subnets that you can support in your network. In each case, regardless of class of address, borrowing 4 bits gives a total of 14 subnets (in the classical sense) and 16 subnets (in Cisco).
255.255.0.0
5 bits are necessary to create up to 30 subnets.