"The Lone Fox Dancing" by Ruskin Bond is a poem that celebrates the beauty and freedom of nature. It portrays the fox as a symbol of independence and resilience, moving through the world with grace and determination. The poem conveys a sense of admiration for the fox's ability to navigate through life's challenges with strength and agility.
there is repulsion between lone pair and bond pair for example in water molecule oxygen has lone pair which repells the bond pair due to this bond angle decreases simply ddue to repulsion btween lone pair to lone pair or lone pair to bond pair angle varies
The difference between bonded and lone pair is that a bond pair is composed of two electron that are in a bond whereas lone pair is composed of two electron that is not a bond.
There are 3 bonding pairs of electrons N - H and one lone pair . The repulsion forces between lone pair -lone pair is > lone pair -bond pair > bond pair - bond pair. So the lone pair causes distortion from a perfect tetrahedron
in water there are two bond pairs and two lone pairs where as in CH4 there are are four bond pairs nad no lone pair. in ch4 there is only bond pair to bond pair repulsion but in water there are three types of repulsions, lone to lone (greatest repulsion), lone to bond ( lesser repulsion ) and bond to bond ( the least repulsion) , therefore due to the presence of two lone pairs in water the bond pairs are repelled with greater force and they get compressed, reducing the ideal bond angle from 109.5 to 104.5 on the other hand, ch4 has only bond pairs and they dont repel each other that strongly so its angle is greater n its 109.5..
A lone pair
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
3 bond pairs and no lone pairs
A lone pair of electrons takes up space despite being very small. Lone pairs have a greater repulsive effect than bonding pairs. This is because there are already other forces needing to be taken into consideration with bond pairs. So to summarize: Lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion > bond pair-bond pair repulsion. This makes the molecular geometry different.
Tetrahedral bond angle of a molecule which have a lone pair electron is 107, smaller than regular 109.5, due to the repulsion of electrons of lone pair.
In bonded pairs of electrons the repulsion of the negative charges is somewhat reduce by the positive charge of the bonded atom's nucleus. Lone pairs do not have this.