Answer
I believe you are referring to a Writ of Certiorari. This is the name of a writ issued from a superior court directed to one of inferior jurisdiction, commanding the latter to certify and return to the former the record in the particular case.
Another Answer:
Writ of certiorari is not the proper term. A "remand" or perhaps "mandate" is the proper term. The writ of certiorari is the formal document used when the US Supreme Court agrees to take a case FROM the Circuit Court of Appeals. It has no bearing when a Court of Appeals sends a case back TO the District Court.
An appellate court sometimes reverses a District Court decision and sends it back (remands) for further action consistent with the ruling of the appellate court. The formal term for all Court of Appeals decisions is a "mandate" (as opposed to "judgment" in the District Courts) according to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 41. This term applies to all Circuit Court of Appeals decisions whether they affirm, reverse or reverse and remand the District Court action.
The term "certified" is inappropriate in this sense, because the appellate court does not "certify" anything. It mandates what the District Court is to do when it gets the case back.
They review cases that has been decided in district courts, in appellate courts, they have only a judge taking a decision.
Four courts: Supreme Court: Original jurisdiction in quo warranto, mandamus , and habeas corpus. Appeals from District Courts in Class A felony convictions (Life or death sentences). Appeals from Court of Appeals when constitutional question arises Discretionary review of cases decided by Court of Appeals Cases transferred from the Court of Appeals Court of Appeals: Original jurisdiction in habeas corpus Appeals from District Court except cases appealable directly to Supreme Court or those reviewable in District Court Review of administrative actions as provided by law District Courts: Jury trials Exclusive civil cases and small claims Exclusive domestic relations Exclusive felony, misdomeaner, criminal appeals Exclusive Juvenile Municipal Court no jury trials City ordinance violations
The judges who are on the United States Courts of Appeals make the decisions. These judges are directly appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
for Federal: The 94 U.S. judicial districts are organized into 12 regional circuits, each of which has a United States court of appeals. A court of appeals hears appeals from the district courts located within its circuit, as well as appeals from decisions of federal administrative agencies. In addition, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction to hear appeals in specialized cases, such as those involving patent laws and cases decided by the Court of International Trade and the Court of Federal Claims. otherwise every US state has at least one
for Federal: The 94 U.S. judicial districts are organized into 12 regional circuits, each of which has a United States court of appeals. A court of appeals hears appeals from the district courts located within its circuit, as well as appeals from decisions of federal administrative agencies. In addition, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction to hear appeals in specialized cases, such as those involving patent laws and cases decided by the Court of International Trade and the Court of Federal Claims. otherwise every US state has at least one
Having been decided previously
The Appeals court reviews the district courts' decisions to determine if the appealed case was conducted according to prevailing law and rules of procedure and that a miscarriage of justice has not taken place. District courts handle civil and criminal cases that come under both state and federal authority.
The supreme Court was overwhelmed by cases.
The Veronia School District decided that athletes were the school leaders. The students would follow their lead. The students would follow the athletes' example on drug usage. So, the school district decided to randomly test athletes for drugs. By getting athletes to stop using drugs, they could get the rest of the student body to stop using them. Since it was in Oregon, some liberal parents objected in Federal Court. The Federal Court sided with the school district. The ACLU appealed to the 9th Federal District Court in California. Anyone familiar with that court, would have predicted that a reversal would be automatic in a drug case. Sure enough it was. Next an the School District appealed to The United States Supreme Court. Of course, anyone familiar with the law knows what will happen when anyone appeals a 9th District Court of Appeals case to the US Supreme Court and the Supreme Court accepts it. Sure enough. The Supreme Court decided that the greater interest in keeping drugs out of the school overrode the 4th amendment right to privacy. Children at school were not adults at home. The need to protect children was greater than the need to give them privacy.
An appellate memo may refer to a decision of an appeals court, stating the basic facts upon which the appeal was centered and why the appellate panel decided the way it did. It may also refer to the fact that the appeals court simply decided that it has no jurisdiction, or some other reason, and that it will not hear or decide the case.
a previously decided case that other courts use as a guide
Federal district courts have jurisdiction over trials. Federal appeals courts have jurisdiction over appeals from the federal district courts.