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To expedite his agenda , and to bypass congress .
To make sure congress does not abuse its power.
One reason the bill was passed was purely political: minority leaders were pushing for the bill.
The amendment you are referring to is the 27th Amendment to the United States Constitution. It states that any increase in Congress' salary cannot take effect until after the next election for Representatives. This amendment was enacted to ensure that Congress cannot directly benefit from raising their own salaries without being accountable to the voters in an election.
Article 1 section 8 gives the powet to levy taxes, but the taxes must be uniform, Income tax was unconstitutional for that reason so congress passed the 16th amendment. The Sixteenth Amendment was specifically passed to give Congress this power. Income tax still was uniform through out the states, but now they are allowed to be based on income, instead of fixed. So every citizen must be taxed if a tax is given, either flat, or income. During the civil War a unconstitutional Income tax was 1st used, and started a series of conflicting court decisions For this reason Socialism, and communism is unconstitutional because it requires a tax on only the rich. Another amendment will have to be given to allow such a tax. the 16th amendment could be argued is unconstitutional by nature http://www.usconstitution.net/constamnotes.html
The Edmunds Amendment stipulated that Nebraska could not deny the right to vote to anyone by reason of race or color. It passed in Congress, but was vetoed by Andrew Johnson. Congress overturned the veto by a Senate vote of 30-9 and the House by 120-44.
The statements in the constitution are valid in todays government, but some of them have and can be changed. But we have a process for this in our government so that we can't change the constitution at will and without reason.
The reason the 26th amendment was passed was because of the Vietnam War. It was reasoned that if a person could be drafted and sent to war at 18 they should also be able to vote.
to rejuvenate the general aviation aircraft manufacturing industry, crippled by litigation costs
It's not clear what you mean by process. Congress has no veto power over an amendment once 3/4 of the states ratify it. Neither does the president nor the supreme court. Congress never votes on or ratifies an amendment in the process of making it law. Before an amendment goes to the states for consideration, the Senate tells the states whether they have to ratify via the state legislatures, or by way of state conventions. Amendments can originate in Congress, but they can also originate in the states themselves, without input from Congress other than the ratification process that the states must use. The 'States' origin of an amendment has never been used, and some say, perhaps with reason, that congress has stalled many legitimate attempts by the states to get the amendment process going. That would be unfortunate, and in my opinion, reason for the states to put serious legal pressure on congress. After all, congress would be motivated not to allow the states to mess with the system that keeps them all comfortably employed.
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Passed August 27, 1962. Ratified January 23, 1964. This Amendment was sponsored by US Senator Spessard Lindsay Holland of Florida (Democrat).
Congress levies taxes to raise revenue. They also levy taxes to discourage harmful activities such as imposing taxes to discourage smoking or drinking. Congress' powers are limited on these matters through the 16th Amendment to the Constitution.