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What is the most likely reason for an increase in thyroid cancer in Chernobyl since 1986?
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∙ 11y ago
global warming from car exhaust
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∙ 11y ago
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The Warning Signs Of Thyroid Cancer?
The thyroid is located right below the adam's apple, at the base of the neck. The thyroid's main function is to create hormones that regulate the body's temperature, weight and metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure. Thyroid cancer occurs when the cells in the thyroid mutate and become cancerous. The cause of thyroid cancer is unknown, however, there are risk factors that make some people more susceptible to developing it. Also, thyroid cancer symptoms can be hard to spot, and are only noticed when the disease has progressed. The chances of women getting thyroid cancer is three times more likely than men. Having a family history of goiter, which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, can cause a person to be at risk of getting thyroid cancer. Another risk factor is if there is a history of having thyroid cancer in the family. Also, being exposed to radiation at high levels have shown to cause thyroid cancer. Older people and Caucasians are more likely to get thyroid cancer than any other age or race. Although thyroid cancer does not manifest with many signs and symptoms during the early stages, as it gets larger, there are several symptoms that show up. As the tumor grows, it can press on the voice box and cause hoarseness or other voice changes. People can also experience difficulty in swallowing, and often accompanied by pain in the throat or neck. Thyroid cancer can also be detected when a person notices a nodule or visible bump on their neck. Because thyroid cancer is not common in the United States, doctors will most likely try to find other reasons for the symptoms. If thyroid cancer is suspected, a biopsy is done to the nodule to determine if it is benign or is indeed cancerous. When the symptoms do point to thyroid cancer, the customary treatment is surgery. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are other treatments that are used. If the cancer has not spread, there is a large chance of success. Survival rates vary depending on how large the tumor was, the person's age, and whether it has spread. For the most part, long-term survival rates are high for people who develop thyroid cancer.
Why was I asked to get a calcitonin blood test done?
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by medullary thyroid cancer. If you are asked to get a calcitonin blood test done, this is more than likely because your endocrinologist is trying to determine if you might have this type of thyroid cancer or not.
How surgical hypothyroidism would likely affect prolactin levels?
Thyroid hormones levels decrease, TRH levels increase, and PRL levels increase.
Can increase of thyroid medication cause hyperthyroid?
it can, but not likely. your doctor will give you the correct dose so that it doe not happen.
What is the disease that is most likely to increase in incidence because of the thinning of the ozone layer?
Skin cancer
What is Thyroid Disease Surgery implications?
There most likely reason is that there is a mass involving the Thyroid gland in the neck. A very small percentage of nodules/masses are cancer; the best way to make the diagnosis is surgery since needle biopsies might miss the cancer and the [resulting] negative results give a false sense that everything is fine. By removing the entire nodule/mass for the pathology doctor to study, he can study the whole tissue sample and make sure there is no cancer. By far the majority of nodules/masses are benign... meaning no cancer...
Can you get cancer with someone who has cancer?
Most likely. Not because cancer is not contagious
How do you get pregnant when she is having thyroid problem?
The woman will most likely not be able to conceive until the thyroid problem is treated appropriately. Additionally, pregnancy with a thyroid disorder that is not under control is dangerous for the fetus.
How likely are you to get cancer?
1 in 3 people get cancer.
What is active thyroid?
An under active thyroid produces too little of necessary thyroid hormones. Thyroid diseases are very common and can be treated with medication. With proper treatment, thyroid hormone levels can be restored and you will likely notice improvement in your symptoms as feeling less fatigue and weight control.
Thyroid cancer?
DefinitionThyroid cancer is a cancerous growth of the thyroid gland.Alternative NamesTumor - thyroid; Cancer - thyroidCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThyroid cancer can occur in all age groups.People who have had radiation therapy to the neck are at higher risk. Radiation therapy was commonly used in the 1950s to treat enlarged thymus glands, adenoids and tonsils, and skin disorders. People who received radiation therapy as children are at increased risk for developing thyroid cancer.Other risk factors are a family history of thyroid cancer and chronic goiter.There are several types of thyroid cancer:Anaplastic carcinoma (also called giant and spindle cell cancer) is the most dangerous form of thyroid cancer. It is rare, and does not respond to radioiodine therapy. Anaplastic carcinoma spreads quickly and invades nearby structures such as the windpipe (trachea), causing breathing difficulties.Follicular carcinoma accounts for about 10% of all cases and is more likely to come back and spread.Medullary carcinoma is a cancer of nonthyroid cells that are normally present in the thyroid gland. This form of the thyroid cancer tends to occur in families. It requires different treatment than other types of thyroid cancer.Papillary carcinoma is the most common type, and usually affects women of childbearing age. It spreads slowly and is the least dangerous type of thyroid cancer.SymptomsCoughDifficulty swallowingEnlargement of the thyroid glandHoarseness or changing voiceNeck swellingThyroid lump (nodule)Note: Symptoms may vary depending on the type of thyroid cancerSigns and testsA physical examination can reveal a thyroid mass or nodule (usually in the lower part of the front of the neck), or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.Tests for thyroid cancer:Elevated serum calcitonin (for medullary cancer) or serum thyroglobulin (for papillary or follicular cancer)Laryngoscopyshowing paralyzed vocal cordsThyroid biopsy showing anaplastic, follicular, medullary, or papillary cancer cellsThyroid scanshowing a nodule that does not light up on the scan (cold nodule)Ultrasound of the thyroid showing a noduleThis disease may also affect the results of the following thyroid function tests:T3T4TSHTreatmentTreatment varies significantly, depending on the type of tumor.Surgery is usually the treatment of choice, and the entire thyroid gland is usually removed. If the doctor suspects that the cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, these will also be removed during surgery.Radiation therapy may be performed using external beam (x-ray) radiation or by taking radioactive iodine by mouth. It may be done with or without surgery.After treatment, you need to take thyroid hormone to replace what your glands used to make. The dose is usually a little higher than what your body needs, which helps keep the cancer from coming back.If the cancer does not respond to surgery or radiation and has spread to other parts of the body, chemotherapy may be used, but this is only effective for a small number of patients.Support GroupsYou can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group made up of people who share common experiences and problems. See: Cancer - support groupExpectations (prognosis)Anaplastic carcinoma has the worst outcome of all the types of thyroid cancer. It is usually fatal despite aggressive treatment.Follicular carcinomas are often fast growing and may invade other tissues, but the outlook is still good -- most patients are cured.The outcome with medullary carcinoma varies. Women under age 40 have a better chance of a good outcome.Papillary carcinomas are usually slower growing. Most people are cured and have a normal life expectancy.Patients who have treatment for thyroid cancer must take thyroid hormone pills for the rest of their lives.ComplicationsInjury to the voice box or nerve, and hoarseness after surgeryLow calcium levels from accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgerySpread of the cancer to the lungs, bones, or other parts of the bodyCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you notice a lump in your neck.Also call if your symptoms get worse during treatment.PreventionThere is no known prevention. Awareness of risk (such as previous radiation therapy to the neck) can allow earlier diagnosis and treatment.ReferencesLadenson P, Kim M. Thyroid. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 244.National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Guidelines in Oncology 2010: Thyroid Cancer. Version 1.2010.
A scientist realizes there was a significant increase in the number of deaths related to skin cancer last year. which part of the engineering process is she most likely engaged in?
Identifying a need
