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Depending on local and community practices, the head of a convent is either an Abbess (feminine of Abbot), Mother superior, or a similar title. In some communities the Mother Superior is the top nun of an entire community- such as the Sisters of St. Joseph, and other rank-titles, possibly abbess, are used. There were Princess-Abbesses in Austria and other European countries and these ladies, all of Noble rank, were virtually female bishops. It is now an extinct custom. Some lower-ranking members of these convents-mere Ladies In waiting- or sisters in waiting, may survive somewhere in Europe. One such Princess-Abbess was the abnormally tall duchess Margaret Sophie of Austria, who died in l902.

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12y ago

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