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A closed meeting of each political party in each house of congress is known as a caucus. Caucuses take place each year prior to Congress convening.
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The members of Benito Mussolini's political party were collectively known as Fasci. They were all party of the National Fascist Party of Italy.
It is called a closed shop.
Primary
The Reform Party of Canada and the Progressive Conservative party though Reform had more members in the house at the time or more members overall, I'll have to check.
Members of the Conservative Party in Canada are called Tories.
Squadristi or Blackshirts.
It is called a caucus.
This was the name of Jefferson's party. Madison and Monroe were also members. They opposed the Federalists of Adams.
No it is closed. People may vote in a party's primary only if they are registered members of that party prior to election day. Independents cannot participate. Note that because some political parties name themselves independent, the term "non-partisan" often replaces "independent" when referring to those who are not affiliated with a political party.
One name is political party.