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It's called a crows nest.
The vertical pole is called a "Mast". The horizontal poles (on 3-masted ships for instance) are called "Arms" or "Yardarms".
The vertical pole on a sailboat is called the mast, but at the bottom of the sail is horizontal pole called a boom. On the Tall Ships, the horizontal pole AT THE TOP of the sail is called the yardarm.
sail
A galleon 'pole' is called a mast, just like on other ships. There are different names for a mast depending on its location on the ship and the number of masts. Main, mid, aft, mizzen, jigger. Not necessarily in that order.
The front mast is called the Foremast. Sometimes it is called the mizzen mast.
Mast
Fore-mast: the first mast, or the mast fore of the main-mast.Main-mast: the tallest mast, usually located near the center of the ship.Mizzen-mast: the third mast, or the mast immediately aft of the main-mast.(information from wikipedia)
Those tall poles on sailing ships that are responsible for holding the sails aloft.
Between the mast and the boom. On ships with one mast, itt is located directly between port and starboard, and more towards the bow than the stern.
The Mast
It is called the mast