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There is no one single Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, but the earliest translation is knwon as the Septuagint, often abbreviated to 'LXX'. The origins of the LXX are complex, since the books were translated at different times by scholars of varying skill, and preserved with varying fidelity. However, by the early third century BCE the process of translating the Scriptures into Greek was well underway.

In the first and second centuries CE there were more literal renderings, revising the LXX, sometimes almost to the point of constituting new translations. At times New Testament citations of the Old Testament in Greek are literally from or close to the LXX; at other times they are closer to these (or other unknown) revisions.

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