It is called Perihelion the opposite being Aphelion.
GEOSTATIONARY=GEO+STATIONARY MEANS EARTH+FIXED POINT thus geostationary orbit is orbit around the earth is in the same plane as that defined by the earths equator at an altitude of 22,236 miles (35,786 km eg say satellite such that it appears to be stationary to the orbit of the earth above the equator all day long. where as sun synchronous orbit occurs from north to south pole as the earth rotates
The point in the orbit of the moon or of an artificial satellite that is most distant from the center of the earth is called the 'apogee'.
Both of those words refer to points in the orbit of an earth satellite ... the moon or any artificial satellite. Apogee . . . the point in the orbit where the satellite is farthest from the earth. Perigee . . . the point in the orbit where the satellite is closest to the earth.
apogee
apogee
Perigee.
Earth's orbit is an ellipse; the Sun is at one of the ellipses focal points. (The other focal point has no astronomical significance.)
The distance actually depends on the orbit of the Earth and Moon, with 221,665 miles at the shortest point and 252,525 miles at the farthest point.
Which orbit would that be? The galactic orbit, the solar orbit, the local cluster orbit? From what viewpoint? Above or below the galactic plane, the planetary system plane, from the point of view of a different place in the local cluster than on earth itself?
Perihelion
Periapsis
GEOSTATIONARY=GEO+STATIONARY MEANS EARTH+FIXED POINT thus geostationary orbit is orbit around the earth is in the same plane as that defined by the earths equator at an altitude of 22,236 miles (35,786 km eg say satellite such that it appears to be stationary to the orbit of the earth above the equator all day long. where as sun synchronous orbit occurs from north to south pole as the earth rotates
That's the point in Earth's orbit called "perihelion".The point in the orbit that's farthest from the sun is "aphelion".
There is one single point in the Earth's orbit where it is closest to the sun. That point is called the "perihelion".
Aphelion -- the point on its orbit when the Earth is farthest from the sun Perihelion -- the point on its orbit when the Earth is closest to the sun so== == == ==
Perigee is the opposite of appogee. Perigee is the point in the orbit of the moon at which it is nearest to the earth. Apogee the point in the orbit of the moon at which it is furthest from the earth.
From the question, I'm guessing that when the questioner reads the term "polar orbit", he's picturing the satellite doing a little tiny circle in the sky over the North Pole. This is not an accurate understanding of the term. Remember that the center of the orbit of an artificial satellite has to be at the center of the earth. A 'polar orbit' is an orbit that covers both poles. If you picture the globe of the earth, the satellite's orbit is a circle standing up, with the satellite traveling up and down, passing over both poles in each complete revolution of the earth. As the earth rotates, every point on earth passes under the orbit, and sooner or later, every point on earth will be visible from the satellite.