In the US Military there is Rate (called many things, such as MOS), Rank, and Pay Grade. Pay Grade is E1-E9 (Enlisted), W1-W5(Warrant Officer), O1-O10 (Commissioned Officer). Rank is Seaman Recruit (E-1) to Master Chief Petty Officer (E-9), Warrant Officer (W1-W5), and Ensign (O1) to Admiral (O10) (Exceptions are the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy, still E-9, and Fleet Admiral, still O10). Rate is a description of one's job, or "Job Rating", such as BM (Boatswains Mate), CTT (Cryptologic Technician Technical), OS (Operations Specialist), SK (Store Keeper), etc. The Navy term for "rate" is "rate" or "job rating."
"SK" stands for the rate (Navy doesn't use the term, 'Rank') of Store Keeper. While the Navy no longer uses this rate, the Coast Guard still does.
Deck. "Hit the deck" = "Get on the floor" etc.
A Seaman is the correct informal term for a Navy officer. Informal term for a sailor in the US Navy is "bluejacket".
MOS would be most interchangeable with Rate in the navy. Rate is pretty much another word for job specialty as is mos. Rate may also be referred to as a NEC.
A "standard" hitch in the Navy is 4 years.
Hatch
The rate in the Navy with the most Medal of Honor recipients is the rate of Hospital Corpsman, commonly known as Navy Medics. Hospital Corpsman have earned more Medals of Honor than any other rate in the Navy due to their bravery and selflessness in providing medical care under fire. They often work alongside Marines, putting their own lives at risk to save others on the battlefield.
I haven't heard that term when relating to the US Navy. But in the Royal Navy SDG is a scubadiver
Yes. The Enlisted rate for medical personnel in the Navy is Hospital Corpsman (HM)
No real information is available on LaLanne's Navy rate, though from enhancing a picture on his site which shows him in crackerjacks and a 2nd Class Petty Officer Chevron, his rate insignia appears to be an aviation or admin rate.
An ENFN is an E3 in the United States Navy. The rate ENFN stands for Engineman, Fireman, and is the last rate before the serviceman becomes a non commissioned petty officer.
Nothing - Department of the Navy is the formal title for the Pentagon division that encompasses the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps. Navy Department is an informal term.