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In general terms we can say that for every molecule of glucose 38 molecules of ATP are formed. Here is how it works: The 12 electron pairs involved in glucose oxidation are not transferred directly to O2. Rather, they are transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD to form 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 in the reactions catalyzed by the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the citric acid cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the malate dehydrogenase. The electrons then pass into the electron transport chain where, through reoxidation of NADH and FADH2, they participate in the sequential oxidation-reduction of per 10 redox centers before reducing O2 to H2O. In this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP form ADP and Pi through oxidative phosphorylation. Reoxidation of each NADH results in the synthesis of 3 ATPs, and reoxidation of FADH2 yields 2 ATPs for a total of 38 ATPs for each glucose completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O (including the 2 ATPs made in glycolysis and the 2 ATPs made in the citric acid cycle).
The stoichiometric analysis can be expressed as:
C6H12O6 + 38ADP + 38Pi + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 44H2O + 38ATP
Moreover, the net gain of a single molecule of glucose can be analyzed as follows:
- Glucolysis produces directly 2 NADH, 4 ATPs, and 2 ATPs are consumed, giving a yield of 8 ATPs.
- Pyruvate oxydation produces 2 NADH to yield 6 ATPs.
- Acetyl-CoA oxydation (citric acid cycle) produces 6 NADH to yield 18 ATPs, 2 FADH2 to yield 4 ATPs, 2 ATPs or 2 GTPs formed directly, within the citric acid cycle, to yield 2 ATPs.
Therefore, the total yield per molecule of glucose is 38.
Finally, we have to consider that the final yield of ATP from glucose can be 36 instead of 38 because the number depends upon on which shuttle system is used to transfer reducing equivalents (2 NADH formed in cytosol during glycolisis) into the mitochondrial matrix.
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How many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
In glycolysis two net molecules of ATP are formed. Four ATP are formed but two are required in the initial activation of glucose.
Each time a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized by aerobic respiration how many oxygen molecules are required?
Exactly four. Wouldn't it actually be six because the glucose molecule is set up as : C6H12O6? Yes, it's actually 6
How many ATP can be produced from one glucose molecules?
Answer:32 molecules of ATP ( net gain ).Explanation:2 molecules of ATP - in Glycolysis ( net gain ).2 molecules of ATP - in Krebs Cycle.28 molecules of ATP - in Electron Transport Chain.- 1 NADH produces x2.5 ATP ( there are 10 NADH produced )- 1 FADH2 produces x1.5 ATP ( there are 2 FADH2 produced )Total: 2 + 2 + 2.5x10 + 1.5x2-> 4 + 28 = 32 molecules of ATPThe energy payoff phase, yield energy for the cell. In this phase, two NADH molecules are produced for each initial glucose molecule, and four ATP molecules are generated. Since the first phase uses two molecules of ATP, the net gain to the cell is two ATP molecules for each glucose molecules that enters glycolysis.
The end product of glycolysis is?
Energy in the form of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate). Glycolysis takes 1 mole of glucose and turns it into energy the body can use.in glycolysis enzymes convert glucose to pyruvatePyruvate. And if oxygen is not available, then lactate.conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
What are the four products that are released from the Krebs cycle?
After entrance of pyruvic acid into Kreb's cycle the four products are.. two molecules of ATP six molecules of NADH two molecules of FADH2 four carbon-dioxide
What are four molecules in the body?
Here are 4 molecules found in the human body: water, glucose, ammonia and glutamate.
How many moleculesof ATP are released from one molecule of glucose?
Four molecules
How many atoms of hydrogen are needed to build four molecules of glucose?
6
How many monosaccharide are needed to form one maltose molecule?
How many monosaccharides are made up to make glucose molecule
What is the chemical formula for sugar joining 3 glucose molecules?
Three molecules of water are released when the four glucose molecules are joined.
How many molecules of ATP are produced via glycolysis when starting with one molecule of glucose?
Four
What is the net number of ATP produced in glycolysis?
During glycolysis it makes a net amount of 2 molecules of ATP. Fermentation happens anaerobically (without oxygen) and the reduction of pyruvate into lactate itself does not yield any ATP. But I think the answer you are looking for is 2 ATP.
What does glucose oxidation not yield?
oxidation of glucose, is the breakdown of glucose in ATP through four main process 1) glycolysis 2) preparation of pyruvic acid 3) citric acid cycle and 4) oxidative phosphorylation
How many molecules of ATP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation from the complete breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen?
In substrate level phosphorylation, the ADP is phosphorylated directly by the transfer of phosphate group from substrate. If we consider glucose, then we get four substrate level phosphorylated ATPs, net gain of two in glycolysis and other two are formed when the two pyruvate molecules formed after glycolysis enter the TCA cycle.
In the cell's respiration of glucose forming two molecules of pyruvic acid four atoms of are removed?
hydrogen
In aerobic respiration how many molecules of acetic acid are produced from six molecules of glucose?
One
What are the names of the 4 polysaccharides?
The Four Names of polysaccharides are: Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin Their formation is: Starch: form of glucose in plants Glycogen:animal energy storage form of glucose Cellulose: glucose molecules are linked together Chitin:glucose molecules linked in the same way they are linked in cellulose The four polysaccharides are, 1.)starch 2.)dextrin 3.)glycogen 4.)cellulose
