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What does lactate cause?
Lactate threshold is caused when lactate production exceeds lactate clearance during exercise or increasing intensity.
What kind of an acid is lactate?
Lactate is a weak organic acid produced during fermentation or metabolism, and it is the conjugate base of lactic acid. It plays a role in various biological processes, such as energy production during exercise.
What is the name enzymes that catalyzes the formation of lactate during lactate fermentation?
lactate dehydrogenase
Why does lactate accumulate in the blood during bursts of very vigorous exercise?
Lactate accumulates because of the lack of available oxygen in the muscles. In anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate produced by glycolysis is reduced to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase (while also oxidizing a single molecule of NADH to regenerate NAD+). NAD+ is a very important molecule and must readily be available in the cytoplasm in order for glycolysis to proceed.
What is the relation between lactate threshold and ventilatory threshold?
They both are reached are approx the same time, it is thought to be that the large change (drop) in blood pH when the lactate threshold is reached is causes ventilation to increase rapidly to try and counteract this blood pH change. The lactate threshold itself is just the point at which lactate removal can no longer keep up with lactate production.
What does the abbreviation LDH mean?
LDH stands for lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme found in the body that plays a role in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate during energy production. Elevated levels of LDH in the blood can indicate tissue damage or certain medical conditions.
Lactate production in muscle cells?
During intense exercise, muscle cells produce lactate as a byproduct of anaerobic energy metabolism when oxygen supply is limited. This process helps regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue and sustain energy production. Lactate can be metabolized in the liver or other tissues to produce more energy or converted back to pyruvate for further energy production.
What is lactate dehydrogenase?
Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme present in the body that plays a key role in converting lactate to pyruvate during energy production. It is found in various tissues, including the heart, liver, muscles, and red blood cells. Elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood can indicate tissue damage or disease.
Can highly aerobic muscle fibers and other tissues use lactate as an energy source?
Yes, highly aerobic muscle fibers and other tissues can utilize lactate as an energy source. Lactate is produced during anaerobic metabolism but can be converted back to pyruvate, which then enters the aerobic metabolic pathway for ATP production. Additionally, certain tissues, such as the heart and brain, can effectively use lactate in times of increased energy demand or limited oxygen availability. This process is part of the lactate shuttle theory, which highlights the role of lactate in energy metabolism across different tissues.
Where does oxidation occurs in the body?
Oxidation occurs in various parts of the body, primarily in the mitochondria where cellular respiration takes place. During this process, nutrients are oxidized to produce energy in the form of ATP. Oxidation also occurs in the cytoplasm during metabolic reactions that involve the breakdown of molecules for energy production.
What in gluconeogenesis during the postabsorptive state amino acids and what are converted to glucose?
During gluconeogenesis in the postabsorptive state, amino acids and lactate are converted to glucose. Amino acids are primarily derived from muscle protein breakdown and can be used as substrates for gluconeogenesis to maintain blood glucose levels. Lactate is another important precursor for glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the liver.
What substances increases in muscles during intense exercise?
lactate
