Calorie to nitrogen ratio= Kcals per day/gram nitrogen per day
To find out nitrogen gms= protein in gms/ 6.25
500 ml of 8.5 amino acid has 42.5gms protein that divided by 6.25= 6.8 gms
The calories from dextrose and lipids have 1000 and 510 calories respectively
Now divide 1510 non protein calories/ 6.8 =222
Hope this helps
Enteral is for medication taken orally or in suppositories. It takes more time and (generally) a higher dose to get the same result that parenteral route (intraveinous, subcutaneous, etc).
Yes these are the antibiotics which have the highest therapeutic index.. That too penicillin is exceptionally high... The only side effect which is considered significant from these two groups of antibiotics is Hypersensitivity reaction or allergis reaction which can be lethal also in some of them.. The reason is, both of these belong to a group of beta lactum antibiotics and they both have a protein structure and they are easily metabolised in the body.. If they ast on bacteria than they are antibiotics otherwise they are mere protein food, just like giving parentral nutrition... Hence they have a huge therapeutic index..
Pharmaceuticl suspensions are solid dipersion of insoluble or sparingly-soluble drugs, in aqueous or oily vehicles. They are intended for oral administration, topical application or parenteral administration of drugs. Aerosol suspension of finely divided, or micronized drugs, is also another class of pharmaceutical preparations intended for inhalation. Suspension of drugs for oral administration is an easy way to administer insoluble, or sparingly soluble, drugs to infants and eldery who have difficulty in administering drugs in tablet or capsule forms. Also for rapid absorption of some insoluble drugs, which are slowly absorbed from tablet dosage form, such as griseofulvin, prepared in suspensions form of the micronized drug. The insoluble basic drug, or the insoluble salt or compound of a drug, is frequently used rather than using the soluble salt, to retard absorption of the drug. This is used for the preparation of prolonged released dosage forms to avoid frequent administration of the drug. Sometimes insoluble salts or compounds of the dugs are used to avoid the bitter taste of the soluble form; for example the use of chloramphenicol palmitate in suspension, instead of using the very bitter soluble chloramphenicol. Some eye drops or ear drops are also prepared in suspension form for drugs which are sparingly soluble, or intenetially using the insoluble form to prolong the time of action of the drug, such as corticosteroid preparations. Samir M. Bayoumi Prof. of Pharmaceutics samir.bayoumi@mcphs.edu