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What is the normal weight of Prostate gland What is the limit in weight of the Grade you prostate gland?
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∙ 9y ago
The average weight of the maleâ??s prostrate gland is eleven grams. There are however certain grown up males whose prostrate glands weigh twenty grams.
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∙ 9y ago
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What is Grade 3 prostatomegaly?
enlargement of prostate which create pressure on blader and kidney
Is prostatomegaly grade 3 harmful and need surgery?
Grade 3 prostatomegaly is the enlargement of prostate usually seen in elderly male above 50 years .It is not at all harmful, but TURP (Trans urethral resection of prostate) is recommended.
What is grade 3 prostate gland enlargement?
Do you mean Grade II? If so, some prostate cells look abnormal. This part of the Gleason Score for prostate cancer. If you mean an enlargement type 2, this means that it has enlarged. This is not cancer and is common in men over 50. There can be urinary problems.
What is grade 1 prostatomegaly with concretions?
Grade 111 prostatomegaly with concretions is an enlargement of the prostate gland that is usually seen in males over the age of 50. Most of the time surgery is recommended.
Prostate cancer staging?
IntroductionStaging is a term that is used to describe if a cancer has spread from where it first began. Prostate cancer staging is commonly described as:Localized prostate cancer: the cancer is contained within the prostate gland and has not spread nearby tissues or elsewhere in the body.Locally advanced prostate cancer: the cancer has spread outside the prostate gland to surrounding tissue, most often the seminal vesicles.Advanced prostate cancer: the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, bones, or elsewhere in the body.How Is Staging Done?Most of the time, tests such as an MRI scan or a CT scan are not very good at telling your doctor how much prostate cancer is present or whether it has spread.Rarely, your doctor can feel a prostate cancer during a rectal exam. Sometimes a test called a bone scan will be done to see if the cancer has spread to your bones (a common place for the cancer to go).However, your doctor will also use other information, to help guide treatment and follow-up and give you some idea of what to expect in the future. Other information includes:PSA levels (and related tests)Prostate biopsy results may be able to show how many areas of the prostate gland has cancer.The Gleason score or grade, which comes from the results of your prostate biopsy, tells how aggressive the prostate cancer might be. Two areas of the tumor are graded on a scale of 1 – 5. The sum of the two grades is the overall Gleason score. This tells your doctor information about how different the prostate cancer cells are from normal tissue. The higher the score, the more different the cancer cells are from normal, and therefore, the more aggressive the cancer isHow Is Staging Used?It is important to understand that only if and when you have surgery to remove the prostate gland can you and your doctor know for certain what the stage of your prostate cancer is.However, using your symptoms, physical exam, and results of tests described just above, your doctors will often have a pretty good idea which stage of prostate cancer you have.ReferencesAntonarakis ES, Eisenberger MA. Expanding treatment options for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 26;364(21):2055-8.Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(6):435-448.Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) Last Modified: 06/01/2011Reviewed ByReview Date: 09/27/2011Louis S. Liou, MD, PhD, Chief of Urology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Visiting Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
What are the type of therapy?
The types of radiation therapy used for prostate cancer are:External beam radiationBrachytherapy (internal radiation)External beam radiation therapy (EBRT): In EBRT, beams of radiation are focused on the prostate gland from a machine outside the body. This type of radiation is often wont to attempt to cure earlier stage cancers. New EBRT techniques focus on the radiation more precisely on the tumor. This give higher doses of radiation to the tumor while reducing the radiation exposure to nearby healthy tissues.Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT): 3D-CRT uses special computers to precisely map the location of your prostate. Radiation beams are then shaped and aimed at the prostate from several directions, which makes it less damaging surrounding normal tissues and organs.Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT, an advanced form of 3D-CRT therapy, is the most common type of external beam radiation treatment for prostate cancer. It uses a computer-driven machine that moves around the patient because it delivers radiation.Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT): This technique uses advanced image-guided techniques to deliver large doses of radiation to a precise area like the prostate.Brachytherapy (internal radiation therapy): Brachytherapy alone is generally used only in men with early-stage prostate cancer that is relatively slow-growing (low-grade) and its combined with external radiation is sometimes it's an option for whom have a higher risk of the cancer growing outside the prostate.
What are the types of radiation therapy?
The types of radiation therapy used for prostate cancer are:External beam radiationBrachytherapy (internal radiation)External beam radiation therapy (EBRT): In EBRT, beams of radiation are focused on the prostate gland from a machine outside the body. This type of radiation is often wont to attempt to cure earlier stage cancers. New EBRT techniques focus on the radiation more precisely on the tumor. This give higher doses of radiation to the tumor while reducing the radiation exposure to nearby healthy tissues.Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT): 3D-CRT uses special computers to precisely map the location of your prostate. Radiation beams are then shaped and aimed at the prostate from several directions, which makes it less damaging surrounding normal tissues and organs.Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): IMRT, an advanced form of 3D-CRT therapy, is the most common type of external beam radiation treatment for prostate cancer. It uses a computer-driven machine that moves around the patient because it delivers radiation.Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT): This technique uses advanced image-guided techniques to deliver large doses of radiation to a precise area like the prostate.Brachytherapy (internal radiation therapy): Brachytherapy alone is generally used only in men with early-stage prostate cancer that is relatively slow-growing (low-grade) and its combined with external radiation is sometimes it's an option for whom have a higher risk of the cancer growing outside the prostate.
Cross dressing history rivals your own identically except at age 59 diagnosed with high grade Gleason 9 prostate cancer please have a doctor perform annual blood test on you?
Errm.... Sure, go for it.
Prostate cancer?
DefinitionProstate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate is a small, walnut-sized structure that makes up part of a man's reproductive system. It wraps around the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body.Alternative NamesCancer - prostateCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThe cause of prostate cancer is unknown. Some studies have shown a relationship between high dietary fat intake and increased testosteronelevels.There is no known association with an enlarged prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages and is the most common cause of death from cancer in men over age 75. Prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 40.People who are at higher risk include:African-American menMen who are older than 60FarmersTire plant workersPaintersMen who have been exposed to cadmiumThe lowest number of cases occurs in Japanese men and those who do not eat meat (vegetarians).SymptomsThanks to PSA testing, most prostate cancers are now found before they cause symptoms. Although most of the symptoms listed below can occur with prostate cancer, they are more likely to be associated with noncancerous conditions.Urinary hesitancy (delayed or slowed start of urinary stream)Urinary dribbling, especially immediately after urinatingUrinary retentionPain with urinationPain with ejaculationLower back painPain with bowel movementOther symptoms that may occur with this disease:Excessive urination at nightUrinary leakage (incontinence)Bone pain or tendernessBlood in the urine (hematuria)Abdominal painLow red blood cell count (anemia)Unintentional weight lossLethargySigns and testsA rectal exam will often show an enlarged prostate with a hard, irregular surface.A number of tests may be done to diagnose prostate cancer:PSA test (may be high, although noncancerous enlargement of the prostate can also increase PSA levels)Free PSA (may help tell the difference between BPH and prostate cancer)AMACR (a newer test that is more sensitive than the PSA test for determining prostate cancer)Urinalysis (may show blood in the urine)Urine or prostatic fluid testing (may reveal unusual cells)Prostate biopsyis the only test that can confirm the diagnosis.The following tests may be done to determine whether the cancer has spread:CT scanBone scanChest x-rayHealth care providers use a system called staging to describe how far the cancer has grown. Tumor size, and how far the cancer has spread outside of the prostate determine the stage. Identifying the correct stage may help the doctor recommend the best treatment.There are several different ways to stage tumors, including:The TNM staging system (most common)The A-B-C-D staging system, also known as the Whitmore-Jewett systemThe grade of a tumor describes how aggressive a cancer might be. The more tumor cells differ from normal tissue, the faster these cells are likely to grow. The grading system for prostate cancer is called the Gleason grade or score. Higher scores are usually faster growing cancers.TreatmentThe appropriate treatment for prostate cancer is not clear. Treatment options vary based on the stage of the tumor. In the early stages, talk to your doctor about several options including surgery, radiation therapy, or, in older patients, monitoring the cancer without active treatment.Prostate cancer that has spread may be treated with drugs to reduce testosterone levels, surgery to remove the testes, or chemotherapy.Surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy can interfere with sexual desire or performance on either a temporary or permanent basis. Discuss your concerns with your health care provider.SURGERYSurgery is usually only recommended after a thorough evaluation and discussion of all treatment options. A man considering surgery should be aware of the benefits and risks of the procedure.Surgery to remove the prostate gland is often recommended for treating stages A and B prostate cancers. This is a lengthy procedure and complications are possible. There are many different surgery options. See: Radical prostatectomy and Robotic surgery.Orchiectomy alters hormone production and may be recommended for cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. There may be some bruising and swelling right after surgery, but this will gradually go away. The loss of testosterone production may lead to problems with sexual function, osteoporosis (thinning of the bones), and loss of muscle mass.RADIATION THERAPYRadiation therapy is used primarily to treat stage A, B, or C prostate cancers. Whether radiation is as good as prostate removal is unclear. The decision about which treatment to choose can be difficult. In patients whose health makes surgery too risky, radiation therapy is often the preferred alternative. Radiation therapy to the prostate gland is either external or internal:External beam radiation therapy is done in a radiation oncology center by specially trained radiation oncologists, usually on an outpatient basis. Before treatment, a therapist will mark the part of the body that is to be treated with a special pen. The radiation is delivered to the prostate gland using a device that looks like a normal x-raymachine. The treatment itself is generally painless. Side effects may include impotence, incontinence, appetite loss, fatigue, skin reactions such as redness and irritation, rectal burning or injury, diarrhea, inflamed bladder (cystitis), and blood in urine. External beam radiation therapy is usually done 5 days a week for 6 - 8 weeks.Prostate brachytherapy or internal radiation involves placing radioactive seeds inside you, directly into the prostate. A surgeon inserts small needles through the skin behind your scrotum to inject the seeds. The seeds are so small that you don't feel them. They can be temporary or permanent. Because internal radiation therapy is directed to the prostate, it reduces damage to the tissues around the prostate. Prostate brachytherapy may be given for early, slow-growing prostate cancers. It also may be given with external beam radiation therapy for some patients with more advanced cancer. Side effects may include pain, swelling or bruising in your penis or scrotum, red-brown urine or semen, impotence, incontinence, and diarrhea.Radiation is sometimes used for pain relief when cancer has spread to the bone.MEDICATIONSMedicines can be used to adjust the levels of testosterone. This is called hormonal manipulation. Because prostate tumors require testosterone to grow, reducing the testosterone level often works very well at preventing further growth and spread of the cancer. Hormone manipulation is mainly used to relieve symptoms in men whose cancer has spread. It may also be done by surgically removing the testes.The drugs Lupron and Zoladex are also being used to treat advanced prostate cancer. These medicines block the production of testosterone. The procedure is often called chemical castration, because it has the same result as surgical removal of the testes. However, unlike surgery, it is reversible. The drugs must be given by injection, usually every 3 - 6 months. Possible side effects include nausea and vomiting, hot flashes, anemia, lethargy, osteoporosis, reduced sexual desire, and impotence.Other medications used for hormonal therapy include androgen-blocking drugs (such as flutamide), which prevent testosterone from attaching to prostate cells. Possible side effects include erectile dysfunction, loss of sexual desire, liver problems, diarrhea, and enlarged breasts.Chemotherapy is often used to treat prostate cancers that are resistant to hormonal treatments. An oncology specialist will usually recommend a single drug or a combination of drugs. Chemotherapy medications that may be used to treat prostate cancer include:AdriamycinDocetaxelEstramustineMitoxantronePaclitaxelPrednisoneAfter the first round of chemotherapy, most men receive further doses on an outpatient basis at a clinic or physician's office. Side effects depend on the drug, how often you take it, and for how long. Some of the side effects for the most commonly used prostate cancer chemotherapy drugs include:Blood clotsBruisingDry skinFatigueFluid retentionHair lossLowering of your white cells, red cells, or plateletsMouth soresNauseaTingling or numbness in hands and feetUpset stomachWeight gainMONITORINGYou will be closely watched to make sure the cancer does not spread. This involves routine doctor check-ups. Monitoring may include:Serial PSA blood test (usually every 3 months to 1 year)Bone scan or CT scan to check whether the cancer has spreadComplete blood count (CBC) to monitor for signs and symptoms of anemiaMonitoring for other signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, increased pain, decreased bowel and bladder function, and weaknessSupport GroupsYou can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems. See: Support group - prostate cancerExpectations (prognosis)The outcome varies greatly. This is mainly because the disease is found in older men, who may have a variety of other diseases or conditions such as heart or respiratory disease, or disabilities. The outcome is also affected by the stage and grade of the disease when you are diagnosed.ComplicationsImpotence is a potential complication after prostate removal or radiation therapy. Recent improvements in surgical procedures have made this complication less common. Urinary incontinence is another possible complication. Medications can have side effects, including hot flashes and loss of sexual desire.Calling your health care providerCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you are a man over age 40 who has:Never been screened for prostate cancer (by rectal exam and PSA level)Not had regular, annual examsA family history of prostate cancerDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages to PSA screening with your health care provider.PreventionThere is no known way to prevent prostate cancer. Following a vegetarian, low-fat diet or one that is similar to the traditional Japanese diet may lower your risk. Early identification (as opposed to prevention) is now possible by screening men over age 40 each year with a digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA blood test.There is a debate, however, as to whether PSA testing should be done in all men. There are several potential downsides to PSA testing. The first is that a high PSA level does not always mean that a patient has prostate cancer. The second is that health care providers are detecting and treating some very early-stage prostate cancers that may never have caused the patient any harm. The decision about whether to use a PSA testing to screen for prostate cancer should be based on a discussion between the patient and his health care provider.ReferencesAndriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RI 3rd, Buys SS, Chia D, Church TR, et al. Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1310-1319.Babaian RJ, Donnelly B, Bahn D, Baust JG, Dineen M, Ellis D, et al. Best practice statement on cryosurgery for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2008;180:1993-2004.NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Prostate cancer. V.2.2009. Accessed June 2009.Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, et al. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1320-1328.Walsh PC, DeWeese TL, et al. Clinical practice: localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(26):2696-2705.Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(6):435-448.
What treatment are recommended for small amounts of cancer in the prostate?
Prostrate cancer is treated in one or a number of ways depending what stage and type of disease is present. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone treatment and also active surveillance are all options.
What happens to the prostate in cancer?
Cancer begins in one place but spreads and invades various parts of your body, diverting blood and nourishment to the growth of tumours. The tumours themselves are not helpful, and whatever organ they invade begins to stop working. Plus, the nourishment from your body is more and more diverted to the cancer, causing weight loss and weakness. Eventually, a vital organ such as lungs or liver becomes useless due to invasion by the cancer, and you can't sustain life any more.
How can I fix a 2004 Sebring seat belt that will not pull out when car is on a sharp grade?
Depending on how steep of a grade, it may be normal operation. The seat belts use a swinging weight in them to lock during an accident. If the grade is steep enough, the weight may be in the locked position.
