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The Spanish name for Mexico was "New Spain", as it was named by Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes and several viceroys that followed him.

Now, the name "Mexico" comes from ancient Nahuatl (native tongue of the Aztec or Mexica people, as they knew themselves) and is part of a larger name: "Mexico-Tenochtitlan" which is the actual name of the Aztec capital. This name means "Great place in the center of the lake Moon". The reference to "Lake Moon" is due to the fact that Tenochtitlan was founded on a marshy island in the middle of Lake Texcoco (Lake Moon for the Aztec people).

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