It can be referred to as a door sill or door threshold. If you search images using either one of these, I'm sure you will find what your looking for. Hope this helps
The part of the house that uses bulkhead doors is the kitchen or the door that leads to the patio because bulkhead doors are very easy to be used as kitchen doors and patio doors.
yes it is called a jamb.
its called the pu$$y
You answered you own question, It's called the latch and the part it latches / hooks onto is called the strike.
It depends if it is new installation or replacement of existing and also the siding involved. interior to be matched, and damages that need repair. I would budget, after the cost of the door you choose, anywhere between $300 - $1,000. It all depends on the specifics involved.
its called a bezel or a headlight door
Sometimes called A-Pillar
It is called a door hinge spring and can be bought at LMC for less than $10.
On the Patio - 2012 Jerry Part 1 1-21 was released on: USA: 5 June 2012
On the Patio - 2012 Jerry Part 2 1-22 was released on: USA: 12 June 2012
this is called the door sill seal or door sill rubber
The base of a door is commonly referred to as the "door sill" or "threshold." It is the bottom part of the door frame that sits on the floor and serves to seal the bottom of the door, helping to prevent drafts, moisture, and dirt from entering. In some cases, it may also be called a "door bottom" if referring specifically to the bottom edge of the door itself.