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Frequency refers to how many copies of a gene are present in an entire population.

Frequency is calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and can be back calculated if the number of homozygous recessive individuals in a population is known.

Keep in mind that the frequency includes the number of alleles present in heterozygous individuals as well as in the homozygotes.

p (dominant alleles)+ q (recessive alleles) = 1

p squared + 2pq (heterozygotes) + q squared = 1

If 25% of the population is recessive that means that q squared=.25 and q=.5

This also makes p=.5

This represents the mendelian ideal of 25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous and 25% homozygous recessive.

Populations rarely have frequencies that match the "ideal" with large percentages of

traits with q or p frequencies at close to .99 when the other allele is quite rare.

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It is the distribution of traits in a population.

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Genotype frequences are how often a particular version of a gene (an allele) is found in a population.

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Q: How do you determine genotypic and phenotypic frequencies?
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