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You might have weakened the bolt, causing it to shear when you run the engine
You can adjust the valves on your 17 horsepower Briggs and Stratton engine by turning the adjustment screws. The adjustments screws will determine how much fuel goes into the piston chamber.
Worn piston rings. Incorrect weight engine oil. Gasoline mixed with engine oil. Crankcase overfilled with engine oil.
To reduce the verticle height of the engine.
Briggs and Stratton Motor:aluminum cylinder bore compression ring end gap should be no more than .035 inches (.89mm) Oil ring end gap should be no more than .045 inches (1.14mm) Cast iron cylinder bores compression ring end gap should be no more than .030 Inches (.76mm) Oil ring should be no more than .035 inches (.89mm)
IT IS BURNING OIL. YOU MIGHT HAVE OVERFILLED THE OIL OR THE PISTON RINGS ARE WORN OUT.
If the engine is four-cycle, the valve seals may be worn, causing a small amount of oil to seep into the piston cylinder or combustion chamber. If it is two-cycle, the oil/fuel mix may have a little too much oil.
We need more info on your particular engine. It could be anything ranging from adding too much oil, worn piston rings, or the fact that when the engine is started, the carburetor is being choked (cutting off much of the air supply) causing the engine to obtain air from elsewhere in the engine such as the crankcase or through leaking gaskets, etc..
Is it an OHV engine? If so they would be loctaed above the piston head on your mower.
Valve clearance with valve springs installed and piston 1/4 in. (6 mm) past top dead center (check when engine is cold). See Repair Manual PIN 272147. Intake ....... 0.003 - 0.005 in. (0.08 - 0.13 mm) Exhaust 0.005 - 0.007 in. (0.13 - 0.18
You have to set the piston at Top Dead Center (TDC). I beleive the lash adjustment (valve clearance) is .004 to .006 in. That means thousandths. Once you have set piston at TDC (valve springs will not be compressed but extended on the compression stroke at TDC). You can now set the lash adjustment by loosening the set nut and bolt. You need a feeler gauge to do this. Set lash on both valves then recheck.
A bent engine piston is a reference to the piston rod. The piston cannot be bent, but the piston rod can be bent.