As far as insurance and weather terminology, the areas that flood easily are referred to as "flood prone" or "low lying" areas. These are the areas where people need to keep an eye on when heavy rain and flood warnings are issued, as well as when rivers have reached flood level.
The low areas near a river that floods easily when water levels rise are call a "flood plain."
A place where a river rises is called the source or headwaters of the river. This is typically the point where the river begins, either from a spring, glacier, or other water source.
The surrounding land will become flooded.
Convection
Ice, it rises till it floats.
If the sea level rises only a few meters, it is possible that the majority of Long Island could be flooded by the sea.
Source
The formation in a cave that rises from the floor are called stalagmites
it is a bird called a Phoenix
Displacement
It's called "displacement".
magma
uplift, i think