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Federal District Courts have jurisdiction over all federal cases occurring/originating within their circuit. US Courts of Appeal have jurisdiction over all cases referred to them from the District Courts within their circuit.
Depending on the state it may be referred to by different terms. In many states the smallest political sub-division is known as a "township.- - - - - - - -"The smallest political division of every State in the Constitutional Republic known as the United States is the voter, yes each person over the age of 18 in every State is part of the political division of each State. This is important to understand, your voice is as important as any others, be it a beggar or a Governor. From this it goes to the town, city, county and finally state. From this it goes from the States to the Federal.
The division of the lawmaking power is defined as some laws left up to the states, and other laws are made by the federal government. Courts have the jurisdiction to enforce either law.
A federal prison falls under the jurisdiction of the federal government, specifically the Federal Bureau of Prisons. It houses individuals who have been convicted of violating federal laws or crimes that cross state lines. The federal government is responsible for managing and operating these facilities.
Cases that have federal jurisdiction. They can either arise under federal law or be state law cases that gain jurisdiction through diversity jurisdiction.
In cases arising under federal law, the federal courts have federal question jurisdiction. Federal jurisdiction can also arise where there is diversity of citizenship between the parties, as where they reside in two different states.
AnswerThere's no specific term for it, but you might say "Federal courts have sole jurisdiction on this issue." Fed courts commonly have jurisdiction for maritime issues, bankruptcy, immigration, among a few other areas.AnswerYou may be referring to federal question jurisdiction. Questions involving the US Constitution, federal laws, or treaties are the exclusive province of the federal court system.
Original jurisdiction
I believe this would be referred to as a division of power and a checks and balances system.
Federal district courts have jurisdiction over trials. Federal appeals courts have jurisdiction over appeals from the federal district courts.
If you mean the "Federal District" yes, it is the political division where Mexico City lies, and it is administered by the federal government. It has the same kind of status as Washington DC has.
Federal districts are a type of administratiie division of a federation, under the direct control of a federal government. A state, on the other hand, is a political entity that shares sovereignty with a federal government.