Non-disjunction
The chromosome number is reduced by a process called meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that results in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
The process of meiosis never results in the formation of a Diploid.
Sex cells, such as sperm and egg cells, are formed through the process of meiosis, which results in cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction and ensures that when the sperm and egg cells combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the normal chromosome number.
The chromosome number is halved during the process of meiosis in the cell cycle.
Short Answer: the [it appears] one, extra, cellular process that only Meiotic Cells possess is termed "Chromosome Reduction"; we have seen (elsewhere) that this process results in the reduction of Chromosome Number from the mitotic {somatic} 2N to the Meiotic {gametic} 1N.
No. Meiosis results in halving of chromosome number. Chromosome number after one round of meiosis is half that of original chromosome number. Generally, meiosis takes place during gamete formation. So when two gametes fuse, they lead to restoration of the chromosome number. Hence chromosome number can be maintained in sexually reproducing organisms.
In mitosis, the chromosome number remains constant - each daughter cell receives the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. However, in meiosis, the chromosome number is halved - the resulting gametes have half the number of chromosomes compared to the original parent cell.
they duplicate
During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This process results in the reduction of the chromosome number because each daughter cell will receive only one chromosome from each homologous pair, effectively halving the chromosome number compared to the original diploid cell. Consequently, if the original cell has a diploid number of chromosomes, the resulting cells will be haploid.
aneuploidy
Inversion is the process that changes the order of genes on a chromosome without altering the number of genes. It involves a segment of the chromosome being flipped in orientation. This can result in changes in gene expression and potentially lead to genetic disorders.
The process that produced the four cells with six chromosomes each from a diploid cell with a chromosome number of 12 is meiosis. During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II. This results in the formation of four haploid cells, each containing half the original chromosome number, which in this case is six chromosomes.