Notwithstanding today's notation of 19 and 18 in Roman numerals because during the Roman period they probably were notated as XVIIII and XVIII which can be simplified to IXX and IIXX respectively making addition and multiplication straightforward as follows:-
IXX+IIXX = XXXVII and C*XXXVII = MMMDCC
19+18 = 37 and 100*37 = 3700
The language of the Romans was Latin and in Latin the word for XVIII is 'octodecim' (18) and for IIXX it is 'duodeviginti' (20-2). Also the Latin word for XVIIII is 'novemdecim' (19) and for IXX it is 'undeviginti' (20-1) but there is no Latin word for XIX which today is considered to be the equivakent of 19.
It's strange that even today in English we still pronounce and write out the units before the tens when refering to 18 and 19.
Numerals are used for mathematical calculations. Mathematical calculations are used in science. This is the way Roman numerals related to Roman science.
See answer to question: ' How do you add together 1666 and 1999 in two different ways using Roman numerals'
The Romans did their calculations on an abacus counting device which was the equivalent to a primitive calculator.
Roman Numerals are not used in calculations, because there is no easy way to do them, as there is with the decimal numbers that we use today.
Roman numerals were used throughout the Roman Empire.
They're great for clocks, but try doing basic calculations with them. The Romans had no representation for the number zero. It was the Greeks who invented Zero as a number. Therefore calculations with Roman numerals is extremely difficult.
Throughout the Roman Empire
Roman numerals were used throughout the Roman Empire
It is almost impossible to do mathematical calculations using Roman numerals.
Romans used another system of numbers, very difficult to do any math calculations with, and missing the concept of zero. The Arabic numerals we use today successfully replaced the unwieldy Roman numerals.
Roman numerals are entirely inappropriate for doing such calculations. I believe the people in Roman times did such calculations on an abacus or something similar - which is basically similar to converting them to the Arabic numbers we use. If you really want to do it in Roman numerals - which is basically NOT a good idea - you would have to keep the thousands, hundreds, etc. separate, and handle carry (for addition) and borrowing (for subtraction).
No, Roman numerals were not designed to represent fractions. They are mainly used for whole numbers and are not suitable for precise mathematical calculations involving fractions. For fractions, it is best to use decimal or fractional notation.