The proper greeting for a City Council President is President, or sir. If the name is not used, then Mr. President is an acceptable form of greeting.
It should not matter what ethnicity the person is when you are addressing them either formally or informally. Mr. and Mrs./Ms. should be used if you are writing to the person in English.
If you are addressing several men and women in a letter, then the salutation can be 'Dear Ladies and Gentlemen'. Another salutation can be 'Sirs and Madams'. These types of salutations can be used for men and women that are on a committee.
The proper salutation for a doctor is doctor or professor depending on their title. In writing the short form can be used which will be Dr. or Prof.
His honor or Your honor is the proper salutation for a retired judge. The use of the word judge in title and introductions is not used after retirement.
The proper salutation for a female can vary depending on their marital status. Mrs. is used for women who are married. Miss is used for women who are single, while Ms. is used for women who are both married and single. This salutation is safer to use if one is unsure of the woman's marital status.
Rama is a name. O is a suffix, kind of salutation used while addressing the person named Rama.
If in Portugal: 'Ola' (sounding like oohlah) If in Brasil: 'Oi'
"To the Smith Family"
Shaikh itself is used as a salutation Dear Shaikh Mohammed bin Ali You can also use the abbreviation 'Sh.' but the full form is preferred.
"The honorable John Smith and Dr. Smith" is the format that should be used.
Write 'Dear Mr xxx or Dear M/r/s xxx'. If you don't know the name, put in the address 'For the attention of the xxxxxxxxxxxx' (whatever the job title or office is) and then 'Dear Sir or Madam'. Try to find out the name though, because people always prefer it.