to keep the sub level or help it to dive and surface
Ballast tank
A ballast tank is one of several external or internal tanks fitted in submarines, which allow the boat to submerge when filled with water.
Submarines have ballast tanks in them.........when it has to go deep down, the ballast tanks are filled with water, which increases its average density in regard to water(Relative Density).....and when it has to come up to the surface it empties the ballast tanks...and it rises. That's it.
That is a ballast tank used to alter the angle of the submarine up or down
Submarines stay afloat by using a combination of buoyancy and ballast control. When they want to surface, they use compressed air to force water out of ballast tanks, making the submarine lighter and allowing it to float. To dive, submarines take in water into these tanks, increasing their weight and causing them to sink. By adjusting the amount of water in the ballast tanks, submarines can maintain their desired depth in the water.
Mercury used as ballast
Submarines have the capability of taking on, or getting rid of ballast, to make themselves heavier or lighter as the situation requires.
they are neutrally buoyant. they have ballast tanks to achieve this
Submarines are designed with enough ballast and control systems to allow them to submerge and surface as needed.Surface ships are designed only with enough ballast and control systems to keep them on the surface. While they can sink just as well as submarines can, their ability to re-surface without a salvage operation is non-existent.
Air is trapped in the ballast tanks which surround the boat. This makes it positively bouyant (why it floats). To submerge the boat the air is vented out of the tanks via the main ballast tank vents which are at the highest point in the tank. As the air escapes seawater comes into the tank through the flood grates located at the bottom of the main ballast tanks. This makes the boat heavier or negatively bouyant and causes it to sink. Once submerged then the crew adjusts the weight of the boat (called trimming the boat) so that it is as close to neutrally bouyant as possible.
ballast water tank in a tanker which is completely separated from oil cargoes and fuel oil system and is permanently allocated to the carriage of ballast; this arrangement reduces the risk of pollution when deballasting; commonly abbreviated as SBT
There are now 'Attack' submarines who's main purpose is to sink enemy submarines and ships and also Missile submarines whose main purpose is to launch ballistic missiles at the enemy.