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All internal combustion engines are air pumps, they need air and fuel in the proper stoichiometric ratio to make power. The more air an engine is able to pump, the more fuel it can burn, which makes more power.

A turbocharger is an exhaust gas driven air pump, it utilizes wasted exhaust gas energy to pump additional air into the engine where even more fuel can be added, thus allowing the engine to make additional power.

Nearly all modern diesel engines are turbocharged as this configuration allows a better power density.

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