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The third brush in a conventional automobile windscreen wiper motor is used to select fast speed. The third brush is located closer to the earth brush than the normal brush. This means there are fewer armature windings between the two contact points which gives a reduced resistance allowing more current to flow and therefore gives a higher speed of operation

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Q: What is the purpose of the third brush in a typical wiper motor?
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Explain how a permanent magnet windscreen wiper motor achieves 2 speeds?

Almost certainly due to the Voltage allowed to the motor by the controller (resistor). Adding a resistor will work, but is inefficient as the unused energy is wasted as heat. Two speeds are achieved by using a third brush, With the standard brushes in use. 180 derees around the commutator, current passes through all the rotor windings. The resistance sets a specific current draw and the motor runs at a standard speed. The high speed switch position feeds power in tothe motor through a third brush set at about 160 degrees from the earth brush. Current now passes through fewer rotor windings - less resistance - more current flow - higher motor speed.


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most people believe that the extra current from the third off set brush causes greater magnetic field and therefore greater speed. the issue with that thought is that the increased magnetic field also acts under less of a pole field due to the offset. i believe the more correct answer is that the third brush partially (because of offset) demagnetises the field strength therefore causing less generated, or back EMF allowing the motor to speed up.


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