Shortening is the same as lard, so the ratio is 1:1.
Yes, although somewhat archaic. "Instead" is a shortening of this phrase.
head bread bed said wed red sped bled fred ed led stead head tread
He went in her stead. She was appointed to the position in his stead.
If there is no cream, milk will do in its stead.
Gary Stead was born in 1972.
Janice Stead was born in 1940.
Roger Stead was born in 1980.
Ralph Stead was born in 1917.
Ralph Stead died in 2000.
Edward Stead died in 1735.
Edward Stead was born in 1701.
Eugene A. Stead died in 2005.