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Allelectronics, especiallythose using semiconductors, use d.c..

The fundamental component inthe processors and RAM is the Transistor - a junction of two "semiconductor" materials that can pass a current across the boundary in one direction only, and then only when a bias voltage is applied to the junction, so that it acts as a relay.

This unidirectional flow explains whythe supply to the circuits must be d.c.; while the on'off switching nature of a transistormeans data can be processed as aseries of on/off, 1/0 pulses - the 'bits' themselves.

The processor and memory chips in fact hold vast numbers of microscopic transistors and other components in arrays etched into plates ofsemiconductor materials.

When laptops are connected to mains power the AC is converted to DC for the reasons above. To have laptops run on battery when not connected to mains power is therefore easy.

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