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1) The general spiritual reason was that God found the people of Judah to be below the spiritual level that was a requisite for remaining in their land. The prophets had warned them (Jeremiah 7:25) but were not sufficiently heeded (2 Chronicles 36:16). Once God's presence no longer felt welcome in the Holy Temple, its destruction and the exile were just a matter of time (Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 31a, and midrash Eichah Rabbah 1:43).
A more specific spiritual reason was the egregious sins of Menasheh, king of Judah (2 Kings 21:11-13 and 24:3).


2) The temporal circumstance was the fact that King Yehoiakim, after having been obedient to Nevuchadnezzar (king of Babylonia), became insubordinate (2 Kings 24:1); and Nevuchadnezzar responded by conquering the land of Judah, destroying the First Temple and exiling the populace.


Some positive results: the false prophets, at long last, were silenced forever. They had predicted that Judah would remain independent of Babylonia (Jeremiah ch.27) and no Destruction would take place.
Also, the lure of idolatry finally weakened, since the Destruction and Exile happened exactly as predicted by the true Prophets, who were the same ones who had spoken ceaselessly against dabbling in idolatry.

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Q: What is the reason the Jews were taken as prisoners of war to Babylon?
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Where were the Jews exiled to?

The Jews were taken from their homeland and sent in exile to Babylon.


Is Babylon Home of the Hebrews?

No. Long before they were ever taken/exiled to Babylon, the Hebrews/Jews/Israelites were a vibrant, flourishing nation in what is now Israel.


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It was the Israelis who where taken captives by the Babylonians. The forced exile ended in 538 BCE after the fall of Babylon to the Persian king Cyrus the Great, who gave the Jews permission to return to Judea province and to rebuild the Temple.


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There are two main incidents where Jews are mentioned in the bible were taken into slavery, in Egypt and in Babylon.


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The dispersion of the Jews out of Jerusalem to Babylon.


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It was Priests who helped them.


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The Hebrews were captured and taken to Babylon by the Chaldeans


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