The sun's so large that its gravitational pull is very strong, but just strong enough to hold the planets in place. So the relationship is its gravitational pull.
They follow orbital paths which, like those of the inner planets, are centered on the sun, but the outer planets, without exception, are farther from the sun than any of the inner planets is.
there is no true relationship between distance from the sun and orbit time as some planets go revolves at a different velocity.
the planets
the planets
Sun - Mercury- Venus- Earth- Mars
There is no real relationship between their diameter and distance from the sun, except that you could say that the four outer gas planets are much bigger than the four inner rocky (or terrestrial) planets.
You have to orbit around
All of the terrestrial planets are within 1.52 AU of the Sun. All of the gas giants are greater then 5 AU of the sun. The relationship is that most of the terrestrial planets are very close to the sun while gas giants are much further away.
The relationship is described by Kepler's Third Law.
There is a relationship between the planets distance from the sun and the time taken for one orbit (planets year), described in Keplers third law. The square root of the time taken to orbit the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance between the sun.
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