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The actual role of phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol in a plasmid DNA extraction is to purify the DNA. The alcohol will act in part as a detergent.
chloroform is used to denature protein and settle it in the bottom during rna extraction ,also it helps to form organic and inorganic layers in which rna is dissolved in inorganic layer.
To oxidise the cysteins
Chloroform denaturizes the proteins and facilitates the separation of the aqueous and organic phase. If needed the extraction with chloroform is performed two or three times to completely remove the impurities from aqueous layer..
Phenol and chloroform are very hydrophobic and are used to remove non-polar bio- molecules (proteins, fragments of membranes, lipids etc) in the extraction.
importance of phenol
It solubalize lipids and protiens to remove them from DNA
to remove tannins and polyphenols which are readily present in crude plant extracts
Chloroform causes proteins to become denatured and become soluble in the organic phase or interphase, while nucleic acids remain in the aqueous phase.
to remove excess phenol from DNA to remove excess phenol from DNA
It is the extraction of plant root constituents by successively mixing it with solvents of different polarity
Successive extraction of any plant part involves sequential extraction ( e.g. employing soxhlet apparatus or maceration) using solvents with increasing polarity. Following each extraction, the marc (refuse matter that remains after extract has been filtered) will be dried before being extracted using solvent with higher polarity. For example, the following solvents can be used in successive order (lower to higher polarity): petroleum ether then chloroform then ethyl acetate, then methanol.