This may be somewhat confusing, but here it is: Printed Jewish calendars, or books that outline the order of prayers through the year, will begin with the month of 'Tishrei' ... the month in which Rosh Hashana, "Head of the Year", occurs ... usually corresponding to sometime in September. The next month ... second in the printed calendar ... is 'Cheshvan'. But the Torah refers to those months as the seventh and eighth months respectively. As far as the Torah is concerned, the first month is the month of 'Nissan' ... the month in which Passover occurs ... corresponding to some time in March or April. On that basis, the second month is 'Iyar'.
The second month is Iyar.
It is the seventh month of the Jewish year, equivalent to Nisan of the modern Jewish calendar. As the Jewish calendar is different in length to the Gregorian calendar, there is not a directly corresponding month.
May is roughly equivalent to the Hebrew month of Iyar.
Yes (in the Jewish calendar)
The Jewish calendar doesn't have an equivalent to February. Months on the Jewish calendar do not line up evenly with months on the western calendar.Answer:The month of February roughly corresponds to Shevat.
I am a little confused regarding the beginning of the Hebrew year. I have read that it starts in the fall on Rosh Hashanah, and I have read that it starts in the spring on the 1st of Nisan.If the year begins on the first day of Rosh Hashanah, the third month is Kislev. But if Nisan is the first month then the third month is Sivan.Answer:The third month is Sivan. While the year starts in Tishrei, the months start in Nisan.
Nisan
This may be somewhat confusing, but here it is: Printed Jewish calendars, or books that outline the order of prayers through the year, will begin with the month of 'Tishrei' ... the month in which Rosh Hashana, "Head of the Year", occurs ... usually corresponding to sometime in September. The next month ... second in the printed calendar ... is 'Cheshvan'. But the Torah refers to those months as the seventh and eighth months respectively. As far as the Torah is concerned, the first month is the month of 'Nissan' ... the month in which Passover occurs ... corresponding to some time in March or April. On that basis, the second month is 'Iyar'.
Rosh Chodesh refers to the new moon which traditionally marked the beginning of each month in the Jewish calendar.
Elul is the 6th month of the Jewish year, roughly corresponding to September.Elul is the sixth month of the Jewish calendar. It roughly corresponds with September, though its dates shift several days back and forth as the (Hebrew) lunisolar calendar is periodically realigned with the solar seasons (the Gregorian calendar).
It is accurate to 1/2 second per lunar month (about 1 and 1/2 hours per 1000 years).
The answer will depend on which calendar.
The Gregorian calendar is a purely solar calendar, while the Jewish calendar is a solar-lunar calendar. In a bit more detail, the Gregorian calendar has months that have nothing to do with the moon and a leap day is added in February every few years to keep the days and months in their right season. In the Jewish calendar, every month starts with the new moon and a leap month is inserted (by doubling the spring month of Adar) when needed to keep the months in their right season.