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The following is an experiment which can be carried out in a laboratory.

Reagents

Solid bismuth chloride

Concentrated hydrochloric acid

Methodology

  1. Take approximately 1 gram of bismuth chloride to a test tube. And then add around 2 mL of water into it. Now, add the concentrated hydrochloric acid drop-wise till the solid dissolves.
  2. Next add excess water till a white suspension is formed.
  3. Then get a sample from the suspension and add the concentrated hydrochloric acid drop-wise.

Follow the steps 2 and 3 alternately.

The white suspension is formed by bismuth oxychloride.

Addition of dilute acid will not give the proper results as it results in a lack of the concentration of chloride ions.

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Q: What is the significance about the equilibrium between bismuth chloride and bismuth oxychloride?
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