They are called tefillin (plural) and are two leather cases containing strips of parchment inscribed with texts from the Torah. Each case is also known in English as a phylactery. One is worn on the arm and one on the forehead during the weekday morning prayer, as reminders that God intervened on behalf of the Israelites during the Exodus from Egypt. This practice is in fulfillment of the mitzva (command) found in Deuteronomy 6:8, Deuteronomy 11:18, and Exodus 13:9, 16.
In North America: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist. In the UK: Orthodox, Masorti, Reform, and Liberal In Ireland: Orthodox and Progressive. In Israel: Orthodox (with a small budding Reform population).
Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Though there are a small amount of born-again Christians, Jewish people, and Muslims in Russia.
Most are catholics, a small fraction is orthodox Christians, VERY small amounts of Jewish and Muslim faith. Basically, 95% catholics.
Orthodox Jewish men wear a yarmulke (a skullcap). It begins with the letter Y.
a dress and small hat and black shoes
Moldova is 98% Eastern Orthodox, 1.5% Jewish, and 0.5 Baptist.
Portuguese society is Roman Catholic. But you can find small Christian Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish,Hindu, Sikh, Baha'i, Protestant, Mormon and Buddhist communities.
In addition to the regular clothing that other men wear, Orthodox Jewish men generally wear a kipa ("yarmulke" in Yiddish; a small, round skullcap) on their heads and four-cornered fringed garments colloquially referred to as tzitzit (the word "tzitzit" in Hebrew actually refers to the fringes) under (or over, depending on personal preference) their shirts.
Answer 1Many Orthodox Jews do wear black and white, but not that it is required for them to do so. It depends on the beliefs, but many will wear whatever they want in modesty and add their yarmulkes.Answer 2Orthodox Judaism is an umbrella for a variety of different religious Jewish movements that are different from one another customs and traditions, similar to the small differences that divide certain Protestant movements like Episcopalian and Anglican. Modern Orthodox are relatively liberal on this scale of religiousity and may wear muted colors such as pastels or navy, especially the women. More conservative movements like the Hasidim and Haredim maintain a certain style of clothing as part of their tradition, which for men is the black cloaks and white shirts that the asker is familiar with.
Judaism has several branches. All branches except the Orthodox are fully inclusive of LGBT people and do not teach against homosexuality. All of these branches also allow same-sex marriage.The Orthodox branch teaches the traditional interpretation of Leviticus 18:22. But even among the Orthodox, gay people are typically treated with respect, and some synagogues will even allow Torah honors to gay people. There is even a small movement within the Orthodox that supports gay people.See Orthogays
Yes, there is a small immigrant Jewish community.
Yes. A small Jewish population exists in Peru.