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What is the significance of the stationary phase in gas chromatography?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
The stationary phase is the medium that is used to react with the mobile phase. The molbile phase is sent through the column. The stationary phase is inside the column and reacts with your carrier liquid (mobile phase) which contains the sample that you want to be analyzed.
Stationary phase is different for every column because you need different mediums for different tests.
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∙ 13y ago
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Principle of partition chromatography?
Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences be- tween the solubility of the sample components in the stationary phase (gas chromatography), or on differences between the solubilities of the compo- nents in the mobile and stationary phases (liquid chromatography)
Why is gas-liquid chromatography also called vapor-phase chromatography?
Gas-liquid chromatography is also called vapor-phase chromatography because it involves the separation of components of a sample based on their volatility in the vapor phase. In this technique, a gas (typically an inert carrier gas) is used to carry the sample through a liquid stationary phase, where separation occurs based on differences in partitioning between the gas and liquid phases. By using a volatile mobile phase, gas-liquid chromatography allows for the analysis of compounds with relatively low boiling points.
What are the different types of chromatography?
there are different types like gas chrom. and thinlayer chrom Answer: There are two types of chromatography:liquid chromatography gas chromatography
How many different types of chromatography are there and what are they?
he different types of laboratory techniques used in the separation of mixtures are grouped under an umbrella term, chromatography. The process through which constituents of a mixture are separated and analyzed by physical means is referred to as chromatography. Apart from the different criteria of classification of chromatography discussed below, the basic criterion is the purpose for which this process is carried out. On the basis of this criterion, the process of chromatography is classified into analytical and preparative. The former is carried out for the purpose of measuring the amount of an analyte present in a mixture. On the other hand, preparative chromatography is used for separating the components of a mixture for their further use. Depending on the techniques used in chromatography, the process is broadly classified as adsorption and partition chromatography. An attempt to explain the different types of chromatography is made through this article. Let us find more about the different procedures.Adsorption ChromatographyIn this form of chromatography, the chemical mixtures in question are passed over an adsorbent bed. Different compounds present in the mixture get adsorbed on the bed at different rates. This process is mostly carried out for analytical separation. Adsorption chromatography is further divided into 'affinity' and 'ion-exchange' chromatography.Ion-exchange ChromatographyThe mechanism of ion-exchange which is used in this form of chromatography allows to carry out the segregation of analytes. This kind of segregation/separation can be performed in 2 different modes, i.e. planar and column. Separation of charged compounds like peptides, amino acids, proteins, etc. takes place through a charged stationary phase.Column ChromatographyThe column chromatography technique uses a set-up in which the stationary phase is placed in a column. There are two ways through which the stationary phase is placed/positioned in a column: either it entirely fills the column or lines the walls of the column.Planar ChromatographyThe stationary phase is placed on a plane surface. The set-up is unlike the one used in column chromatography where stationary phase is placed in a column. Here, a plane surface is used. The plane surface could be anything from paper to glass.Affinity ChromatographyThe non-covalent interaction which takes place between the analyte in question and certain molecules is the basis of working of affinity chromatography. Purification of proteins bound to tags is conducted with this technique.Partition ChromatographyIn this separation technique, components of the given mixture are separated through the use of partition of a solute between two solvents. In the process, one of the solvents is immobilized by means of a substance present in the filter paper or column.Gel Filtration ChromatographyThis technique is also known as gel permeation or size exclusion chromatography. Molecules of the mixture in question are separated on the basis of their size. Technically speaking, the process of separation is carried out on the basis of hydrodynamic diameter (size) of molecules. Larger molecules of the mixture are unable to enter the pores of media; therefore, molecules are washed out quickly. On the other hand, smaller molecules take more time to elute because they are able to enter the pores of media.High Performance Liquid ChromatographyIn this type of chromatography, separation of compounds is carried out on the basis of their idiosyncratic polarities. Interaction of these compounds with the stationary phase of the column too is considered. Equipment needed for carrying out high performance liquid chromatography includes a pump (used for moving the mobile phase and analyte through the column), stationary phase and a detector. Retention time for the analyte is also provided by the detector. Depending on the strength of interactions taking place between the analyte and stationary phase, retention time can vary.Gas ChromatographyThis form of chromatography uses cylinders wherein gas is stored under pressure. These gases do the work of carrying the solute. The carrier gas that is commonly used in this chromatography is helium. Flame ionization detectors and thermal conductivity are used in gas chromatography. There are three sub-types of gas chromatography which include the following: gas-liquid chromatography, gas adsorption chromatography and capillary gas chromatography. In gas-liquid chromatography, an inert porous solid is used as the stationary phase. The stationary phase used in gas chromatography is a bed formed by an adsorbent. In capillary gas chromatography, the adsorbents form a layer on fused silica or glass which line the capillary walls.Pyrolysis Gas ChromatographyThis method of chromatography makes use of pyrolysis i.e. decomposition of the sample with the help of thermal power. The process of pyrolysis is followed by the regular procedure of gas chromatography. Resistive heating, inductive heating and heating in isothermal furnace are the three methods used for carrying out pyrolysis in this technique. The volatile fragments formed by heating (at a temperature of 600-1000 °C) are separated by means of gas chromatography.Reverse-phase ChromatographyThis technique employs a method which is just opposite to that of normal phase chromatography. In reverse-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is made up of hydrophobic compounds; they attract the hydrophobic compounds present in the mobile phase. Here, the polarity of mobile phase is reduced in order to allow the hydrophobic molecules to elute.The technique of chromatography which is meant for separation of compounds from mixtures thus, holds immense importance in fields like biochemistry, biotechnology and many other. An attempt to list as many types of chromatography as possible is made in this write-up.
Calibration of gas chromatography?
What is the precedure for calibration of gas chromatography? How calibration is perform for gas chromatography? What is the precedure for calibration of gas chromatography? How calibration is perform for gas chromatography?
Principle of partition chromatography?
Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences be- tween the solubility of the sample components in the stationary phase (gas chromatography), or on differences between the solubilities of the compo- nents in the mobile and stationary phases (liquid chromatography)
Why is gas-liquid chromatography also called vapor-phase chromatography?
Gas-liquid chromatography is also called vapor-phase chromatography because it involves the separation of components of a sample based on their volatility in the vapor phase. In this technique, a gas (typically an inert carrier gas) is used to carry the sample through a liquid stationary phase, where separation occurs based on differences in partitioning between the gas and liquid phases. By using a volatile mobile phase, gas-liquid chromatography allows for the analysis of compounds with relatively low boiling points.
What is the retardation factor?
In chemical chromatography, it is a measure of the relative mobility of components of a mixture through a stationary phase while experiencing the forces of a mobile eluent phase, based on relative intermolecular attractive forces and molecular size. In thin layer chromatography, is it the ratio of distance travelled by a component compared to the distance travelled by the eluent front from the point of contact with the mixture. In column chromatography, it is the fraction of the component in the mobile phase at equilibrium. By comparison, in gas chromatography, relative retention times on the stationary phase are measured and compared for the mixture components.
What are the advantages and limitations of column chromatography over thin layer chromatography?
TLC. The mobile phase is a liquid, the stationary phase is a solid. Useful for seperating and comparing mobility of solids and some liquids dissolved in the mobile phase by their affinities to the solid phase relative to the mobile phase. GLC. The mobile phase ia s gas, the stationary phase is a liquid on a solid support. same concept as TLC. useful for seperating gases by their affinities to the stationary phase...the mobility can then be compared to known compounds for possible identification.
What is the stationary phase in gel electrophoresis?
Stationary Phase is a layer or coating on the supporting medium that interacts with the analytes and is fixed in a place either in column or a planar surface. It can be solid, liquid, gel or solid-liquid mixture.
What are the different types of chromatography?
there are different types like gas chrom. and thinlayer chrom Answer: There are two types of chromatography:liquid chromatography gas chromatography
How many different types of chromatography are there and what are they?
he different types of laboratory techniques used in the separation of mixtures are grouped under an umbrella term, chromatography. The process through which constituents of a mixture are separated and analyzed by physical means is referred to as chromatography. Apart from the different criteria of classification of chromatography discussed below, the basic criterion is the purpose for which this process is carried out. On the basis of this criterion, the process of chromatography is classified into analytical and preparative. The former is carried out for the purpose of measuring the amount of an analyte present in a mixture. On the other hand, preparative chromatography is used for separating the components of a mixture for their further use. Depending on the techniques used in chromatography, the process is broadly classified as adsorption and partition chromatography. An attempt to explain the different types of chromatography is made through this article. Let us find more about the different procedures.Adsorption ChromatographyIn this form of chromatography, the chemical mixtures in question are passed over an adsorbent bed. Different compounds present in the mixture get adsorbed on the bed at different rates. This process is mostly carried out for analytical separation. Adsorption chromatography is further divided into 'affinity' and 'ion-exchange' chromatography.Ion-exchange ChromatographyThe mechanism of ion-exchange which is used in this form of chromatography allows to carry out the segregation of analytes. This kind of segregation/separation can be performed in 2 different modes, i.e. planar and column. Separation of charged compounds like peptides, amino acids, proteins, etc. takes place through a charged stationary phase.Column ChromatographyThe column chromatography technique uses a set-up in which the stationary phase is placed in a column. There are two ways through which the stationary phase is placed/positioned in a column: either it entirely fills the column or lines the walls of the column.Planar ChromatographyThe stationary phase is placed on a plane surface. The set-up is unlike the one used in column chromatography where stationary phase is placed in a column. Here, a plane surface is used. The plane surface could be anything from paper to glass.Affinity ChromatographyThe non-covalent interaction which takes place between the analyte in question and certain molecules is the basis of working of affinity chromatography. Purification of proteins bound to tags is conducted with this technique.Partition ChromatographyIn this separation technique, components of the given mixture are separated through the use of partition of a solute between two solvents. In the process, one of the solvents is immobilized by means of a substance present in the filter paper or column.Gel Filtration ChromatographyThis technique is also known as gel permeation or size exclusion chromatography. Molecules of the mixture in question are separated on the basis of their size. Technically speaking, the process of separation is carried out on the basis of hydrodynamic diameter (size) of molecules. Larger molecules of the mixture are unable to enter the pores of media; therefore, molecules are washed out quickly. On the other hand, smaller molecules take more time to elute because they are able to enter the pores of media.High Performance Liquid ChromatographyIn this type of chromatography, separation of compounds is carried out on the basis of their idiosyncratic polarities. Interaction of these compounds with the stationary phase of the column too is considered. Equipment needed for carrying out high performance liquid chromatography includes a pump (used for moving the mobile phase and analyte through the column), stationary phase and a detector. Retention time for the analyte is also provided by the detector. Depending on the strength of interactions taking place between the analyte and stationary phase, retention time can vary.Gas ChromatographyThis form of chromatography uses cylinders wherein gas is stored under pressure. These gases do the work of carrying the solute. The carrier gas that is commonly used in this chromatography is helium. Flame ionization detectors and thermal conductivity are used in gas chromatography. There are three sub-types of gas chromatography which include the following: gas-liquid chromatography, gas adsorption chromatography and capillary gas chromatography. In gas-liquid chromatography, an inert porous solid is used as the stationary phase. The stationary phase used in gas chromatography is a bed formed by an adsorbent. In capillary gas chromatography, the adsorbents form a layer on fused silica or glass which line the capillary walls.Pyrolysis Gas ChromatographyThis method of chromatography makes use of pyrolysis i.e. decomposition of the sample with the help of thermal power. The process of pyrolysis is followed by the regular procedure of gas chromatography. Resistive heating, inductive heating and heating in isothermal furnace are the three methods used for carrying out pyrolysis in this technique. The volatile fragments formed by heating (at a temperature of 600-1000 °C) are separated by means of gas chromatography.Reverse-phase ChromatographyThis technique employs a method which is just opposite to that of normal phase chromatography. In reverse-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is made up of hydrophobic compounds; they attract the hydrophobic compounds present in the mobile phase. Here, the polarity of mobile phase is reduced in order to allow the hydrophobic molecules to elute.The technique of chromatography which is meant for separation of compounds from mixtures thus, holds immense importance in fields like biochemistry, biotechnology and many other. An attempt to list as many types of chromatography as possible is made in this write-up.
What is a carrier gas?
A gas that cannot react with either the solutes or the stationary phase is called as carrier gas.
Why you note optical density of protein in chromatography technique?
Chromatography is a group of techniques to divide components of a mixtures basically on the ground of their physical dimension, even if elected types of chromatography exists where separation happens for example on the ground of electron affinity. In general terms the mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds in the stationary phase, causing them to separate. Liquid phase chromatography is the most used type of chromatography, where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase a material composed of very small particles strictly packed one with the other. Also gas chromatography, where the mobile phase is a gas, is largely used. The name chromatography derives from the fact that the very first version of this separation techniques used different colors added to the mobile phase in different moments to visually distinguish the components coming out from the chromatographic column in different moments, but this technique is no more used, substituted by more sophisticate ways to quantify components that comes out in different instants from the chromatographic column. Optical detection is frequently used, generally illuminating the flow out of the column with UV light and observing fluorescence lines. The fluorescence intensity is proportional for diluted solutions to the concentration of the substance presenting the observed optical transition. Since many proteins are characterized by well identified fluorescence lines this detection method can be used for proteins quantification.
Calibration of gas chromatography?
What is the precedure for calibration of gas chromatography? How calibration is perform for gas chromatography? What is the precedure for calibration of gas chromatography? How calibration is perform for gas chromatography?
What has the author Harold Monroe McNair written?
Harold Monroe McNair has written: 'Basic gas chromatography' -- subject(s): Gas chromatography, Chromatographie, Gaz, Chromatographie en phase gazeuse
What is the function of stationary phase in Gas liquid chramatography?
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