That depends on the number of electrons and protons
Hund's Rule
An electron pair are two electrons which occupy the same orbital in an atom or molecule. Paired electrons are represented by two dots.
Two electrons can occupy the same space orbital in an atom if they have different spins. This is known as Hund's Rule.
The two arrows with a single block of an orbital diagram must be written in opposing directions because the electrons are said to be rotating in opposite directions. This means the two electrons in the orbital are spinning on their axis in opposite ways.
In any one orbital there is only one way to arrange the two electrons and that is with opposite spin. (Paulis exlusion principle) In the 3 different p orbitals you could arrange 2 electrons without spin pairing in the same orbital in 3 ways, The middle two are the same. The same applies to d orbitals
The bottom-line answer is because that is how nature works! However, there are somewhat less profound explanations, but they are really just rules which say that this must happen -- and don't ultimately answer "Why?". The Pauli Exclusion Principle says that all electrons in an atom must have four unique quantum numbers -- no two can have all four the same. This rule forbids more than 2 electrons existing in the same orbital because there are two possible quantum numbers available for that orbital -- electron spin of +1/2 and -1/2. But again, this rule just says that there can't be more than 2 electrons per orbital because of the uniqueness of quantum numbers -- but it doesn't say why quantum numbers must be unique! In the end, it really just is the way it because that's the way it is!
An electron pair are two electrons which occupy the same orbital in an atom or molecule. Paired electrons are represented by two dots.
If two electrons are to occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spin.
An orbital can hold not more than 2 electrons, and if there are two electrons in the orbital, they must have opposite (paired) spins. Therefore, no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. otherwise the Pauli exclusion principle explain that the feature of particles dependent on its nature. for example electrons is fermion thus 2 electrons can accommodate in one level (orbital) but proton is bozone thus 1 proton accommodate in one level.
For electrons to be in the same orbital, they must have different spoins, or else they cancel each other out. Since this is the case, there can only be 2 different directions in which electrons can spin. So there can be either 1 or 2 electrons in each orbital.
Electrons have spin of a 1/2. These make electrons fermions. According to Pauli's exclusion principle, no more than one fermion can have the same spin in the same space. So, the electrons occupying the same space must have opposite spin (and so, only two electrons can occupy the same orbital as a result of this, as three electrons will results in two electrons having the same spin state).
Any atom with unpaired electrons in it's orbital exhibits paramagnetism, that is that it will be attracted into an inducing magnetic field. Phosphorous has 15 electrons: 1s>2e-(all paired) 2s>2e- 2p>6e-(all paired) 3s>2e-(these two are paired) 3p>3e-(note that these are the unpaired electrons that cause it to be paramagnetic) All this is because a moving negative charge produces a magnetic field if there are two electrons in the same orbital they always spin in opposite directions cancelling each other out. When there are unpaired electrons that creates the magnetic field.
When you fill an orbital the electrons must spin in opposite directions. This results in no two electrons having the same quantum number, a result defined as the Pauli Exclusion Principle. You can have 2 electrons in an orbital. Note that 2py 2px and 2pz are three different orbitals.
It depends what type of orbital these two electrons occupy. But there would be one arrow going up and one arrow going down to show two electrons in the same orbital.
spin
I believe no scientist said exactly this. It is the (two) electrons in the same orbital that must have opposite spins. And the scientist who said that was Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. (Pauli exclusion principle)
Two electrons can occupy the same space orbital in an atom if they have different spins. This is known as Hund's Rule.
The requirement ("Pauli Exclusion Principle") is that they must be different in at least one of their properties ("quantum numbers").