There really is no standard color for this. Most that I have seen use the Black as the positive (+) and the white as negative (-) but I have also seen it the other way around. Just follow the convention of the plant or customer where you are working.
a single loop is a signal
A feedthrough is a conductor used to carry a signal through a circuit board. They have two main catagories which are power and instrumentation. Power feedthroughs are used to carry a high pwer or high voltage. Instrumentation are used to carry a low voltage electric signal.
Instrumentation cables are not generic. Instrumentation cables are wires that allow for a signal to be put into one end and give the same signal at the other end without distortion. What that means is if the instrument has a resisitive sensing element the 'instrument cable' used would have a very low resistive value and protection from enviromential influence to the cable to not change the value. Instrumentation cable may also be used for powering a device - which once again if powered via regulated voltage you'll want to make sure the voltage given at one end is the same on the other end. Instrumentation cables are also used for high frequency measurements are made. These instrument cables will have a frequency limitation typically based on the length of cable used due to its capacitance.
4-20 milliamps refers to a standard analog signal that is used in many instrumentation circles. For example a tank level transmitter will send a 4 milliamp signal when the tank is empty and a 20 milliamp when the tank is full. 12 milliamp would indicate 1/2 full. Anything less than 4 milliamps is considered a broken wire or failed powersupply. This is the standard often used in the US. Germany often uses 0 to 20 millamp signals.
The Seminar topics in Instrumentation and Control Engineering could be many, since Instrumentation itself is a very vast field. Owing to this I tried to dialogue a little in here: 1) Transducers and Sensors. 2) Electronics measurements and Instrumentation. 3) Micro controllers and Microprocessors. 4) Signal and Sytems( Z, Nyquist t/f, Bode plots, Laplace t/f with/out Convolutions) 5) Control systems. 6) Process control and Actuators. 7) Bio Medical Instrumentation( EEG,EMG,ECG,MRI and X-ray)
a single loop is a signal
A signal conditioner is a device to convert a signal that may be difficult to read by conventional instrumentation into a more easily read format .
sensors,signal processor and data representation
A feedthrough is a conductor used to carry a signal through a circuit board. They have two main catagories which are power and instrumentation. Power feedthroughs are used to carry a high pwer or high voltage. Instrumentation are used to carry a low voltage electric signal.
to return a substance to a normal level
Sedat Yuksel has written: 'Signal processing techniques applied to D.C.railway substation instrumentation and fault detection'
a primary instrument takes a reading value and sends a signal to a secondary instrument that will control the value of the primary reading.
Regarding Instrumentation, is the definition of changes in instrument output when the input signal remains at zero. Caused by factors such as temperature or line voltage.
Instrumentation engineering requires many skills. A few of the necessary strengths required to be an instrument engineer are signal processing, manipulating variables, physics knowledge, understanding of mechanical principles of processes and communication systems.
standard test signal is a single-frequency signal with standardized level used for testing the peak power transmission capability
my turn signal works but my switch will not return after i make a turn. please explain to me how to fix the problem
Instrumentation cables are not generic. Instrumentation cables are wires that allow for a signal to be put into one end and give the same signal at the other end without distortion. What that means is if the instrument has a resisitive sensing element the 'instrument cable' used would have a very low resistive value and protection from enviromential influence to the cable to not change the value. Instrumentation cable may also be used for powering a device - which once again if powered via regulated voltage you'll want to make sure the voltage given at one end is the same on the other end. Instrumentation cables are also used for high frequency measurements are made. These instrument cables will have a frequency limitation typically based on the length of cable used due to its capacitance.