There is no star that fits that criteria.
Are you maybe thinking of Hally's comet which is seen once every 75 -> 76 years?
See related questions.
The star that we see every day is called "The Sun". That is it's name. It is also called "Sol."
Yes, they do. This is called a nova or supernova, depending on its mass. The supernova outshines every star you can see usually depending on the distance. If a star is big enough, the supernova can create a black hole in space. The crab nebula was formed by a supernovas about 1,000 years ago.
Venus is called the evening star and the morning star at different places in its orbit. Venus circles the sun in less time than the Earth so there is a time about every 19 months when it comes very close and overtakes us. When that happens it is between us and the Sun, and occasionally we can see it as a black dot cossing the Sun's disk (but not every time). In the 6-8 weeks before that happens we see it as the evening star, setting after the Sun, and in the 6-8 weeks afterwards it rises before the Sun and we see it as the morning star.
Northpole star
No one knows for sure. No one has a telescope powerful enough to see every star in the universe
It is called the Fiona Star!
That depends on how far away the star is. If the exploding star is 1,000 light years away we would see the supernova 1,000 years later. If it is 2,000 light years away we would see it 2,000 years later.
No i went to Hollywood and look at every star didnt see any
Within a binary star system, the most massive star is called the primary star, whereas the least massive star is called the secondary star. See related question.
Every star is a different distance from us. The nearest one is about 93 million miles. (That's the one called the "Sun".) The next nearest one is 4.3 light years from us. That's about 25,278,030,000,000 miles. (You can see why it's easier to use light-years than miles.) From there, there are billions and billions of stars, grouped in billions and billions of galaxies. The farthest ones we can see are about 14 billion light years away, but we're sure there are more that are farther away than that.
Both. A subgiant can be a young star (1,000 years old) to an old star (10 billion years old). See related question.
31 Crateris was once mistaken to be a moon of Mercury but it is in fact a star about 1750 light years away. Mercury does not have any moons. See related link